Question

Unlike Earth, whose magnetic field is roughly aligned with its rotational axis and centered at the core, Uranus has a magnetic field that is tilted by $59^\circ$ relative to its rotational axis and offset from the planet’s physical center by about one-third of its radius. Two models explain the source of this unusual magnetic field.

Model 1
Uranus’s magnetic field is generated in a thin, fluid convective shell consisting of a mixture of water, ammonia, and methane. Under the high pressures and temperatures deep within Uranus, these molecules dissociate into a metallic fluid of ionic "ice." As Uranus rotates, rapid convection currents within this outer ionic-ice shell generate the magnetic field via dynamo action. Because this conductive shell is shallow and far from the core, the resulting magnetic field is highly asymmetric and off-center. The solid rocky-iron core of Uranus is non-magnetic and plays no role in field generation.

Model 2
Uranus's magnetic field is generated by dynamo action within a deep, metallic hydrogen and helium layer surrounding its core. Under extreme pressure, hydrogen behaves as a liquid metal, which is a highly efficient electrical conductor. Deep convection in this metallic hydrogen zone generates a strong, symmetric magnetic field. However, Uranus's outer mantle contains a thick, stable layer of non-conductive hydrocarbons that acts as a "magnetic filter." This filter selectively attenuates and distorts the magnetic field as it propagates outward, making the field appear highly tilted and off-center at the planet's surface.

Based on the descriptions of the two models, which of the following statements identifies a key difference in how the models explain the tilted and off-center nature of Uranus's magnetic field?