Question

Difficulty: MediumEvaluating Whole-Essay Goals and Purpose

[1]
In December 1938, Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, a curator at a museum in East London, South Africa, received a call from a local trawler captain who had brought in an unusual catch. Amidst the piles of sharks and rays, she noticed a strange, iridescent blue fish with fleshy, limb-like fins. Unable to identify the creature, she made sketches and sent them to J.L.B. Smith, a prominent South African ichthyologist, who recognized the fish as a coelacanth—a species believed to have gone extinct 66 million years ago.

[2]
This discovery was the biological equivalent of finding a living dinosaur. It challenged the scientific community's understanding of vertebrate evolution and prehistoric survival. The coelacanth’s unique anatomy provided a rare window into the transition of vertebrates from water to land. Its lobed fins, which contain bones arranged similarly to those in tetrapod limbs, suggested an evolutionary link to early land-dwelling animals.

[3]
While modern coelacanths live in deep-water environments, their prehistoric ancestors inhabited shallow waters, adapting over millions of years to survive in deep ocean caves. Over the next few decades, search efforts successfully located living populations of the coelacanth off the coast of the Comoro Islands and in Indonesia. These discoveries allowed scientists to study the creature's behavior in its natural habitat, proving that this "living fossil" had survived relatively unchanged for eons.

Suppose the writer’s goal had been to write an essay that traces the history of marine biology expeditions in South Africa. Would this essay successfully fulfill that goal?

  1. A
    Yes, because it describes the initial discovery of the coelacanth by a South African museum curator and its subsequent identification by a South African scientist.
  2. B
    Yes, because it details how scientific expeditions successfully located living populations of the coelacanth off the coast of the Comoro Islands.
  3. No, because the essay focuses on the discovery and evolutionary significance of a single fish species rather than providing a broad historical account of marine biology expeditions.Answer
  4. D
    No, because the essay argues that the coelacanth is not actually a marine species but rather an evolutionary precursor to land-dwelling animals.

Answer

No, because the essay focuses on the discovery and evolutionary significance of a single fish species rather than providing a broad historical account of marine biology expeditions.
The correct answer is the option stating that the essay does not fulfill the goal because it focuses on the discovery and evolutionary significance of a single fish species rather than providing a broad historical account of marine biology expeditions. The passage centers on the coelacanth, its anatomical traits, and its importance to understanding vertebrate evolution, which is far narrower than a history of South African marine expeditions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the proposed writing goal.
The goal is to write an essay that traces the history of marine biology expeditions in South Africa.
Understanding the target goal is necessary to evaluate whether the passage fulfills it.
2
Analyze the actual content and primary focus of the passage.
The passage describes the 1938 discovery of the coelacanth, explains why it was scientifically significant (its lobe-like fins as an evolutionary link to land animals), and notes the subsequent discovery of living populations.
Determining the true focus of the text allows comparison with the proposed goal.
3
Compare the actual focus with the proposed goal and select the correct option.
The essay does not trace the history of marine biology expeditions in South Africa; it focuses narrowly on one evolutionary discovery. Therefore, the essay does not fulfill the goal.
This comparison identifies the correct 'No' direction and the accurate reasoning for it.

Key Concept

Evaluating Whole-Essay Goals and Purpose
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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