[1]
In December 1938, Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, a curator at a museum in East London, South Africa, received a call from a local trawler captain who had brought in an unusual catch. Amidst the piles of sharks and rays, she noticed a strange, iridescent blue fish with fleshy, limb-like fins. Unable to identify the creature, she made sketches and sent them to J.L.B. Smith, a prominent South African ichthyologist, who recognized the fish as a coelacanth—a species believed to have gone extinct 66 million years ago.
[2]
This discovery was the biological equivalent of finding a living dinosaur. It challenged the scientific community's understanding of vertebrate evolution and prehistoric survival. The coelacanth’s unique anatomy provided a rare window into the transition of vertebrates from water to land. Its lobed fins, which contain bones arranged similarly to those in tetrapod limbs, suggested an evolutionary link to early land-dwelling animals.
[3]
While modern coelacanths live in deep-water environments, their prehistoric ancestors inhabited shallow waters, adapting over millions of years to survive in deep ocean caves. Over the next few decades, search efforts successfully located living populations of the coelacanth off the coast of the Comoro Islands and in Indonesia. These discoveries allowed scientists to study the creature's behavior in its natural habitat, proving that this "living fossil" had survived relatively unchanged for eons.
Suppose the writer’s goal had been to write an essay that traces the history of marine biology expeditions in South Africa. Would this essay successfully fulfill that goal?
- AYes, because it describes the initial discovery of the coelacanth by a South African museum curator and its subsequent identification by a South African scientist.
- BYes, because it details how scientific expeditions successfully located living populations of the coelacanth off the coast of the Comoro Islands.
- No, because the essay focuses on the discovery and evolutionary significance of a single fish species rather than providing a broad historical account of marine biology expeditions.Answer
- DNo, because the essay argues that the coelacanth is not actually a marine species but rather an evolutionary precursor to land-dwelling animals.