Question

Difficulty: MediumSupporting Claims with Evidence and Details

Passage:

[1] Modern engineers have long marveled at the durability of ancient Roman concrete structures, which have survived for millennia in harsh environments. [2] Recent chemical analyses reveal that the secret lies in "lime clasts," small white mineral chunks previously dismissed as evidence of poor craftsmanship. [3] When cracks begin to form in the concrete, water seeping into the fissures dissolves the calcium within these clasts. [4] This dissolved calcium then recrystallizes, effectively sealing the cracks and preventing further structural damage.

The writer wants to add a sentence after sentence 1 that provides the most specific, concrete evidence of the durability of these ancient structures. Which of the following sentences would best accomplish this goal?

  1. For example, the Pantheon's massive concrete dome, built in the second century CE, remains entirely free of reinforcing steel yet shows no major structural cracks today.Answer
  2. B
    Many harbors, monuments, and temples constructed by Roman builders are still standing throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.
  3. C
    Because the massive sea walls at the ancient harbor of Cosa have endured constant wave action for over two millennia.
  4. D
    Engineers have spent years studying the chemical composition of these ancient materials to see if they can replicate them today.

Answer

The sentence referencing the Pantheon's massive concrete dome, built in the second century CE, which remains entirely free of reinforcing steel yet shows no major structural cracks today.
The correct choice is the sentence about the Pantheon's dome because it offers concrete, specific details—naming a specific structure, giving a time frame, and pointing to a visual physical proof of durability (no cracks without steel)—which directly supports the claim in the stem.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target claim that needs supporting evidence.
The target claim is the durability and survival of ancient Roman concrete structures over millennia.
This establishes the logical criterion that the correct sentence must meet.
2
Evaluate the choices for grammatical correctness.
The sentence starting with 'Because the massive sea walls' is a dependent clause fragment and must be eliminated.
ACT English requires all inserted sentences to be grammatically correct.
3
Evaluate the remaining options for the level of specific, concrete detail they provide to support the claim.
The sentence referencing the Pantheon provides the most concrete, visual details (specific building, date, lack of steel, lack of cracks) compared to the vague list of general locations.
ACT Rhetorical Skills questions favor concrete visual details over vague generalizations when supporting a claim.

Key Concept

Supporting claims with specific, concrete evidence rather than vague generalizations.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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