Question

Difficulty: EasyDistinguishing Claims from Evidence

For decades, botanists suspected that plants could communicate with one another to warn of impending danger, but direct observation of this phenomenon remained elusive. A recent study of wild sagebrush plants in a controlled environment has provided clear support for this hypothesis. Researchers damaged the leaves of individual sagebrush plants using mechanical clippers to simulate a typical attack by leaf-eating insects. They then monitored nearby sagebrush plants that had not been cut or handled. Within hours, these neighboring, undamaged plants began producing significantly higher levels of polyphenol oxidase, a specialized chemical defense that makes their leaves bitter and unpalatable to herbivores. The researchers observed that this chemical defense was only activated in neighbors that were downwind from the damaged plants. This biochemical shift demonstrates that plants can detect airborne signals released by their distressed neighbors and proactively prepare for potential threats, confirming that plant communication is a vital survival mechanism rather than a speculative theory.

According to the passage, which of the following findings serves as the primary evidence supporting the claim that sagebrush plants communicate with one another?

  1. A
    Plants can actively detect airborne distress signals and proactively prepare for potential threats.
  2. Undamaged sagebrush plants downwind from damaged neighbors produced higher levels of polyphenol oxidase.Answer
  3. C
    Botanists have suspected for decades that plants have the capacity to warn each other of danger.
  4. D
    Mechanical clippers are more effective at triggering chemical defenses than actual insect attacks.

Answer

The correct answer is the finding that undamaged sagebrush plants downwind from damaged neighbors produced higher levels of polyphenol oxidase.
The finding that undamaged downwind plants produced higher levels of polyphenol oxidase represents the specific factual data collected during the study. This observed physical change is the direct evidence that supports the claim that the plants communicated via airborne signals.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary claim in the passage.
The primary claim is that plants communicate with one another to warn of impending danger.
Understanding the main argument helps distinguish it from the supporting details and observations.
2
Locate the specific observations or data presented by researchers to back up this claim.
The researchers observed that undamaged downwind sagebrush plants produced higher levels of chemical defense when their neighbors were mechanically damaged.
Evidence refers to direct observations, data points, or experiments that support a hypothesis or claim.
3
Compare the options to separate the claim from the evidence.
The option referring to the production of polyphenol oxidase in undamaged neighbors is the only option that describes the actual data gathered in the study.
This confirms the correct choice is the one stating the specific biochemical reaction in downwind plants.

Key Concept

Distinguishing Claims from Evidence
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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