Question

Difficulty: Very hardImplicit and Inferred Relationships

In the winter of 1915, Bedřich Hrozný published his preliminary reports on the decipherment of the Hittite cuneiform tablets unearthed at Boğazköy. While his contemporaries expected Hittite to belong to the Semitic family—owing to the geographical proximity of the ruins to Mesopotamia—Hrozný’s breakthrough hinged on a single sentence: 'nu NINDA-an ezzatteni watar-ma ekutteni'. Recognizing ezzatteni as cognate to the German essen (to eat) and watar to the English water, he proposed an Indo-European origin. The announcement was met with chilly skepticism from established philologists, who questioned how an Indo-European tongue could have dominated central Anatolia during the Bronze Age without leaving conspicuous traces in neighboring Assyrian records. Critics demanded further proof, arguing that Hrozný had merely found lexical loans, not structural affinity. Undeterred, Hrozný painstakingly compiled a comprehensive grammar, which he published two years later. By meticulously detailing the conjugations and declensions that aligned Hittite syntax with ancient Greek and Latin, rather than merely pointing to isolated vocabulary words, Hrozný gradually silenced his detractors. The academic community’s initial resistance faded not because the critics conceded their geographical arguments, but because they could no longer deny the systematic morphological correspondence.

Based on the passage, the academic community's eventual acceptance of Hrozný's decipherment of Hittite is best described as which of the following?

  1. A concession to the morphological evidence in Hrozný's 1917 grammar, even though the critics' doubts regarding Indo-European dominance in Bronze Age Anatolia remained unresolved.Answer
  2. B
    A realization that Hittite's geographical proximity to Mesopotamia meant that its grammatical structures must have influenced neighboring Assyrian records.
  3. C
    An acknowledgment that Hrozný's 1915 preliminary report had successfully demonstrated a structural affinity between Hittite and Semitic languages.
  4. D
    A consensus that Hrozný's work was valid only after critics successfully verified his claims using geographical and historical migration data from Assyrian records.

Answer

A concession to the morphological evidence in Hrozný's 1917 grammar, even though the critics' doubts regarding Indo-European dominance in Bronze Age Anatolia remained unresolved.
The passage indicates that the academic community's resistance faded not because they abandoned their geographical arguments, but because they could no longer deny the morphological evidence in Hrozný's later work. This implies that while they accepted his decipherment due to the grammatical evidence he presented, their original geographical concerns about how an Indo-European language could dominate Anatolia remained unaddressed.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the critics' initial response to Hrozný's decipherment.
Established philologists expressed skepticism because they doubted an Indo-European tongue could dominate central Anatolia during the Bronze Age without leaving traces in neighboring Assyrian records, claiming Hrozný only found lexical loans.
This establishes the critics' original arguments, which were based on geography and a lack of historical traces in neighboring regions.
2
Analyze how Hrozný addressed this skepticism and the eventual outcome.
Hrozný published a comprehensive grammar two years later detailing conjugations and declensions, which gradually silenced his detractors.
This shows the causal link between the publication of the structural grammar and the change in the academic community's reception.
3
Deduce the implicit relationship between the acceptance of the grammar and the critics' initial arguments.
The passage states that resistance faded 'not because the critics conceded their geographical arguments, but because they could no longer deny the systematic morphological correspondence.' This means they accepted the language's classification based on grammar, while their geographical doubts remained unaddressed.
This directly supports the inference that the acceptance of the decipherment was based on morphological evidence, leaving the geographical objections unresolved.

Key Concept

Identifying implicit relationships and drawing logical inferences about character motivations or academic viewpoints based on text clues.
Estimated Time:3m 0s
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