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Question

Difficulty: MediumDetermining Stated Sequence of Events

Read the passage below:

Before glaciologist Dr. Lars Lindqvist deployed the deep-ice thermal probe at the Maud Rise station in 2014, his team completed two seasons of radar mapping to identify stable subglacial channels. That mapping effort had been delayed for a year when severe blizzards forced an emergency evacuation of their base camp in 2011. Lindqvist's initial field surveys, conducted in 2009, had established the baseline ice-thickness measurements that justified the original grant proposal. Following the successful probe deployment, the team published their preliminary melt-rate analysis in 2016, confirming their subglacial water flow models.

Based on the passage, what is the correct chronological sequence of events in Dr. Lindqvist's research program, from earliest to latest?

  1. 1Dr. Lindqvist conducted initial field surveys to establish baseline ice-thickness measurements.
  2. 2Severe blizzards forced an emergency evacuation of the team's base camp.
  3. 3The research team deployed the deep-ice thermal probe at the Maud Rise station.
  4. 4The team published their preliminary melt-rate analysis.

Answer

The correct chronological order of events is: 1) Dr. Lindqvist conducted initial field surveys to establish baseline ice-thickness measurements (2009), 2) Severe blizzards forced an emergency evacuation of the team's base camp (2011), 3) The research team deployed the deep-ice thermal probe at the Maud Rise station (2014), and 4) The team published their preliminary melt-rate analysis (2016).
The text explicitly anchors each event to a specific year: initial field surveys took place in 2009, the base camp evacuation occurred during blizzards in 2011, the thermal probe deployment happened in 2014, and the publication of the melt-rate analysis occurred in 2016. Arranging these years sequentially yields the accurate timeline.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the explicit dates associated with each event mentioned in the text.
Initial surveys occurred in 2009; base camp evacuation occurred in 2011; probe deployment occurred in 2014; melt-rate analysis was published in 2016.
The passage uses non-linear narrative structure (beginning with the 2014 deployment and flashing back to 2011 and 2009 before concluding with 2016), so chronological sequence must be determined by extracting the explicit dates.
2
Arrange the extracted dates in chronological order from earliest year to latest year.
2009 -> 2011 -> 2014 -> 2016.
Numerical progression of years provides the exact timeline requested by the question.
3
Match each ordered date back to its corresponding event item.
1. Initial field surveys (2009), 2. Emergency evacuation (2011), 3. Thermal probe deployment (2014), 4. Melt-rate analysis published (2016).
This confirms the correct chronological alignment.

Key Concept

Determining Stated Sequence of Events
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Determining Stated Sequence of Events

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