Question

Difficulty: EasyEvaluating Whole-Essay Goals and Purpose

Josephine’s Invention

[1]
In the late nineteenth century, Josephine Cochrane, a wealthy socialite from Illinois, grew frustrated with a common household problem. Although she did not wash dishes herself, her servants frequently chipped her fine heirloom china while cleaning it. Determined to find a better solution, Cochrane resolved to build a machine that could wash dishes faster and more safely than human hands.

[2]
Working in a shed behind her home, Cochrane designed a machine that used high water pressure rather than scrubbers to clean. She measured the dishes first, constructing wire compartments tailored to fit plates, cups, and saucers. These compartments were placed inside a copper boiler, which rotated while hot, soapy water was sprayed from the bottom. Cochrane patented her invention in 1886, naming it the Cochrane Dishwasher.

[3]
Initially, Cochrane’s invention was not designed for the average home, which lacked the plumbing and hot water heaters necessary to run the machine. Instead, she found success selling her large-scale washers to hotels, restaurants, and hospitals, where efficiency and sanitation were paramount. Cochrane’s design laid the foundation for the modern household appliance that is now common in kitchens worldwide.

Suppose the writer’s goal had been to write an essay that describes the technical and mechanical difficulties Cochrane encountered while building her first prototype. Would this essay successfully fulfill that goal?

  1. A
    Yes, because the essay describes how Cochrane measured dishes to construct wire compartments and built the device in her backyard shed.
  2. B
    Yes, because the essay explains that Cochrane successfully overcame the lack of hot water heaters in homes by marketing her invention to large businesses.
  3. No, because the essay focuses on the motivation behind Cochrane's invention and its early commercial applications rather than detailing the technical setbacks she faced while building the machine.Answer
  4. D
    No, because the essay focuses primarily on the history of nineteenth-century household servants and the types of heirloom china they washed.

Answer

No, because the essay focuses on the motivation behind Cochrane's invention and its early commercial applications rather than detailing the technical setbacks she faced while building the machine.
The correct answer is the option stating that the essay does not meet the goal because it focuses on Cochrane's motivations and commercial applications rather than technical setbacks. The essay explains why Cochrane decided to build the machine and where it was sold, but never mentions any mechanical difficulties or engineering failures during the prototyping phase.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the writer's proposed goal.
The goal is to write an essay that describes the technical and mechanical difficulties Cochrane encountered while building her first prototype.
Understanding the proposed goal is necessary to evaluate if the essay meets it.
2
Evaluate the passage content against the proposed goal.
The passage discusses why Cochrane wanted to build the machine (servants chipping china), the general design (water pressure and copper boiler), and its early commercial use (hotels and restaurants). It does not mention any technical setbacks, design failures, or mechanical obstacles encountered during the prototyping process.
Comparing the essay's content with the goal determines if the essay succeeds or fails to meet that goal.
3
Select the option that correctly states whether the goal was met and provides the accurate reason.
The essay did not meet the goal (No). The correct reason is that the essay focuses on her motivations and commercial applications rather than her prototyping setbacks.
Identifying the correct Yes/No direction and the corresponding logical explanation leads to the correct answer.

Key Concept

Evaluating Whole-Essay Goals and Purpose
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