Question

Difficulty: MediumAnalyzing Tone and Attitude

When the first specimen of a platypus arrived at the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle in 1798, it was greeted not with scholarly awe, but with absolute derision. Investigators, convinced they were the targets of an elaborate hoax by Chinese sailors, set upon the dried skin with scissors, searching for the stitches that surely bound the bill of a duck to the pelt of a mole. Even after George Shaw of the British Museum officially described the creature, skepticism lingered. To the European scientific establishment, the platypus was an offense against nature's orderly categories—a chaotic assemblage of parts that defied the very laws of creation. Rather than celebrating the discovery of an evolutionary marvel, early naturalists treated the specimen as a personal affront, as if the animal itself were playing a malicious joke on their taxonomic frameworks.

The passage suggests that the attitude of early European naturalists toward the platypus specimen is best described as which of the following?

  1. A
    scholarly fascination with the creature's unique evolutionary adaptations
  2. suspicion of deception and frustration at its disruption of established classification systemsAnswer
  3. C
    intellectual indifference toward a creature they deemed trivial and insignificant
  4. D
    enthusiastic support for George Shaw's attempts to validate the discovery

Answer

suspicion of deception and frustration at its disruption of established classification systems
The correct answer accurately reflects the naturalists' belief that the specimen was an 'elaborate hoax' (suspicion of deception) and their view that it was an 'offense against nature's orderly categories' (disruption of classification systems).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage to locate details describing the naturalists' reaction.
The text notes they met the specimen with 'absolute derision,' suspected an 'elaborate hoax,' and treated it as a 'personal affront.'
This establishes the initial negative and suspicious tone of the scientists.
2
Examine how the creature interacted with the scientific frameworks of the time.
The platypus is described as 'an offense against nature's orderly categories' that 'defied the very laws of creation.'
This shows that the scientists felt threatened or frustrated by the way the creature disrupted their taxonomic systems.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that matches these two main attitudes.
The option referring to suspicion of deception and frustration at taxonomic disruption matches the text's emphasis on a hoax and the violation of orderly categories.
This option correctly synthesizes both aspects of the naturalists' tone described in the passage.

Key Concept

Identifying and analyzing the attitude and tone of historical subjects using explicit textual evidence and word connotation.
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