Question

Difficulty: EasyComparative Relationships

While both Venus and Mars are neighboring planets of Earth, their atmospheres present stark contrasts. Venus is enveloped in an incredibly dense atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide, which exerts a crushing pressure on its surface—roughly ninety times that of Earth. This thick layer traps solar energy, raising surface temperatures to scorching levels. Conversely, Mars has a very thin atmosphere, with a surface pressure less than one percent of Earth's. Because this sparse atmosphere cannot retain heat, Mars remains a frozen desert. Thus, while a probe landing on Venus is quickly destroyed by the extreme pressure, a spacecraft on Mars faces no such physical compression, though it must withstand freezing cold.

According to the passage, how does the atmospheric pressure on Venus compare to the atmospheric pressure on Mars?

  1. Venus's atmospheric pressure is immensely greater than Mars's, presenting a physical threat to landing probes that Mars's atmosphere does not.Answer
  2. B
    Venus's atmospheric pressure is less than one percent of Earth's, while Mars's pressure is ninety times that of Earth.
  3. C
    Venus's atmospheric pressure is completely harmless to spacecraft, whereas Mars's atmospheric pressure instantly crushes landing probes.
  4. D
    Venus's atmospheric pressure changes based on its distance from Earth, whereas Mars's pressure remains constant.

Answer

Venus's atmospheric pressure is immensely greater than Mars's, presenting a physical threat to landing probes that Mars's atmosphere does not.
The correct answer is supported by the passage, which describes Venus as having a crushing atmospheric pressure roughly ninety times that of Earth that destroys landing probes, while contrasting it with Mars's thin atmosphere (less than one percent of Earth's pressure) that does not physically compress landing spacecraft.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the description of Venus's atmospheric pressure in the passage.
The text states Venus has an incredibly dense atmosphere with a crushing pressure roughly ninety times that of Earth, which destroys landing probes.
Establishing the atmospheric characteristics of the first subject of comparison is necessary to build the relationship.
2
Locate the description of Mars's atmospheric pressure in the passage.
The text states Mars has a very thin atmosphere with a pressure less than one percent of Earth's, and spacecraft do not face physical compression.
Establishing the atmospheric characteristics of the second subject of comparison allows for a direct contrast.
3
Compare the two sets of characteristics to find the correct relationship.
Venus's pressure is extremely high and physically destructive, whereas Mars's pressure is extremely low and does not pose a crushing threat.
This comparison identifies the option that accurately represents the relationship described in the passage.

Key Concept

Comparing and contrasting specific details or conditions between two subjects described in a reading passage.
Estimated Time:45s
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