Question

Difficulty: EasyRelationships Between Sections and Paragraphs

The following passage is adapted from a Natural Science article discussing historical cartography and the development of world maps.

[1] For centuries, mapmakers struggled to represent the spherical Earth on a flat sheet of paper. Early cartographers relied on artistic renderings and descriptions from travelers, resulting in maps that were more decorative than geographically accurate. These documents often filled uncharted territories with illustrations of mythical sea monsters, reflecting the limits of geographical knowledge at the time.

[2] The introduction of Mercator’s projection in 1569 revolutionized navigation by allowing sailors to plot straight-line courses across the oceans. By preserving angles and directions, Mercator's map made transatlantic voyages significantly safer. However, this mathematical solution introduced severe distortion near the poles, making landmasses like Greenland appear disproportionately large compared to Africa.

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2?

  1. A
    Paragraph 2 provides a chronological history of the voyages that inspired the decorative illustrations mentioned in Paragraph 1.
  2. B
    Paragraph 2 presents a mathematical formula that proves the geographical descriptions in Paragraph 1 were completely accurate.
  3. C
    Paragraph 2 expands on the specific dimensions of Greenland and Africa to show that early mapmakers were superior to modern ones.
  4. Paragraph 2 describes a mathematical solution to the mapping difficulties introduced in Paragraph 1, while also identifying a drawback of that solution.Answer

Answer

Paragraph 2 describes a mathematical solution to the mapping difficulties introduced in Paragraph 1, while also identifying a drawback of that solution.
The correct answer describes Paragraph 2 as providing a mathematical solution (Mercator's projection) to the flat-map challenge presented in Paragraph 1, while acknowledging its limitation (polar distortion). This accurately captures the transition from a problem to a flawed solution.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the main function of Paragraph 1.
Paragraph 1 establishes a historical problem: the difficulty of representing a spherical Earth on a flat map and the resulting inaccuracies of early maps.
Understanding the starting point of the passage is necessary to determine how the next section builds upon it.
2
Analyze the main function of Paragraph 2.
Paragraph 2 introduces Mercator's projection as a solution to this mapping problem (specifically for navigation), but notes that it introduced a new issue (distortion at the poles).
Identifying the role of the second paragraph allows for comparison with the first.
3
Synthesize the relationship between the two paragraphs.
Paragraph 2 offers a solution to the problem presented in Paragraph 1, while acknowledging a limitation of that solution.
This matches the structural flow and points directly to the correct option.

Key Concept

Identifying how a subsequent paragraph functions as a response (solution with limitations) to a problem introduced in a preceding paragraph.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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