Question

Elena Rostova stood on the damp deck of the research vessel, staring at the freshly extracted core sample from a white oak timber salvaged from the wreck of the Gryphon. The ship had foundered in the autumn of 1682, but the story written in its rings stretched much further back. Just last year, in 2025, Elena had published her thesis on the Little Ice Age, utilizing data she had gathered during her 2022 expedition to the Swedish archives. There, she had unearthed the ship’s original cargo manifest, which detailed the lumber's harvest in a Baltic forest during the exceptionally cold spring of 1679. Now, looking at the narrow rings under her magnifier, she traced the signature of a severe drought in 1665—a year before the Great Fire of London, which she recalled studying during her college years. This oak had weathered that dry summer as a young sapling, decades before it was felled by shipwrights to form the Gryphon's keel.

According to the passage, which of the following events occurred first chronologically?