Question

Difficulty: MediumIntegers, Absolute Value, and Number Lines

If aa and bb are nonzero integers such that ∣a∣<∣b∣|a| < |b| and a⋅b<0a \cdot b < 0, which of the following expressions must have the greatest value?

  1. ∣a−b∣|a - b|Answer
  2. B
    ∣a+b∣|a + b|
  3. C
    a−ba - b
  4. D
    ∣a∣−∣b∣|a| - |b|
  5. E
    ∣b∣−∣a∣|b| - |a|

Answer

The expression ∣a−b∣|a - b| must have the greatest value because aa and bb have opposite signs, making ∣a−b∣=∣a∣+∣b∣|a - b| = |a| + |b|.
Because aa and bb have opposite signs (a⋅b<0a \cdot b < 0), the distance between them on the number line is the sum of their individual distances from zero, ∣a∣+∣b∣|a| + |b|. The expression ∣a−b∣|a - b| measures this exact distance, which is guaranteed to be greater than any net difference or signed value.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the given conditions
Since a⋅b<0a \cdot b < 0, aa and bb have opposite signs (one positive, one negative). Since ∣a∣<∣b∣|a| < |b|, the absolute value of bb is strictly greater than the absolute value of aa.
Determining the signs and relative magnitudes of aa and bb is necessary to evaluate absolute value expressions.
2
Evaluate ∣a−b∣|a - b| in terms of magnitudes
When two numbers have opposite signs, subtracting them adds their magnitudes: ∣a−b∣=∣a∣+∣b∣|a - b| = |a| + |b|.
If a>0a > 0 and b<0b < 0, ∣a−b∣=a−(b)=∣a∣+∣b∣|a - b| = a - (b) = |a| + |b|. If a<0a < 0 and b>0b > 0, ∣a−b∣=∣−∣a∣−∣b∣∣=∣a∣+∣b∣|a - b| = |- |a| - |b|| = |a| + |b|.
3
Compare ∣a−b∣|a - b| to the other expressions
∣a−b∣=∣a∣+∣b∣|a - b| = |a| + |b| is strictly greater than ∣a+b∣=∣b∣−∣a∣|a + b| = |b| - |a|, ∣b∣−∣a∣|b| - |a|, ∣a∣−∣b∣|a| - |b|, and a−ba - b.
Since both aa and bb are non-zero, ∣a∣+∣b∣>∣b∣−∣a∣>0>∣a∣−∣b∣|a| + |b| > |b| - |a| > 0 > |a| - |b|.

Key Concept

Absolute value distance and sign properties on a number line
Rate this question