Question

Difficulty: MediumFundamental Trigonometric Identities

If θ\theta is an angle in Quadrant IV such that cosθ=45\cos\theta = \frac{4}{5}, what is the value of tanθ+secθcscθ\frac{\tan\theta + \sec\theta}{\csc\theta}?

  1. 310-\frac{3}{10}Answer
  2. B
    65\frac{6}{5}
  3. C
    65-\frac{6}{5}
  4. D
    56-\frac{5}{6}
  5. E
    38-\frac{3}{8}

Answer

310-\frac{3}{10}
Using the Pythagorean identity sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1 in Quadrant IV yields sinθ=35\sin\theta = -\frac{3}{5}. Substituting this into quotient and reciprocal identities gives tanθ=34\tan\theta = -\frac{3}{4}, secθ=54\sec\theta = \frac{5}{4}, and cscθ=53\csc\theta = -\frac{5}{3}. Evaluating tanθ+secθcscθ\frac{\tan\theta + \sec\theta}{\csc\theta} gives 1/25/3=310\frac{1/2}{-5/3} = -\frac{3}{10}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine sinθ\sin\theta using the Pythagorean identity sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1 and quadrant sign rules.
sinθ=1(45)2=925=35\sin\theta = -\sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^2} = -\sqrt{\frac{9}{25}} = -\frac{3}{5} because sine is negative in Quadrant IV.
The Pythagorean identity relates sine and cosine, and the angle's quadrant determines the sign of the trigonometric ratio.
2
Calculate the values of tanθ\tan\theta, secθ\sec\theta, and cscθ\csc\theta using reciprocal and quotient identities.
tanθ=sinθcosθ=3/54/5=34\tan\theta = \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} = \frac{-3/5}{4/5} = -\frac{3}{4}, secθ=1cosθ=54\sec\theta = \frac{1}{\cos\theta} = \frac{5}{4}, and cscθ=1sinθ=53\csc\theta = \frac{1}{\sin\theta} = -\frac{5}{3}.
Fundamental quotient and reciprocal identities define these functions in terms of sine and cosine.
3
Substitute the trigonometric values into the given expression tanθ+secθcscθ\frac{\tan\theta + \sec\theta}{\csc\theta} and simplify.
34+5453=2453=1253=12×(35)=310\frac{-\frac{3}{4} + \frac{5}{4}}{-\frac{5}{3}} = \frac{\frac{2}{4}}{-\frac{5}{3}} = \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{-\frac{5}{3}} = \frac{1}{2} \times \left(-\frac{3}{5}\right) = -\frac{3}{10}.
Combining terms in the numerator and dividing by the fraction in the denominator yields the simplified value.

Key Concept

Pythagorean, quotient, and reciprocal trigonometric identities with quadrant-dependent signs
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