Question

Difficulty: HardVerb Tense and Consistency

In 1967, astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell noticed a series of anomalies in the data from a newly constructed radio telescope. While analyzing the chart recorder prints, she observed a tiny, repeating signal that pulsed with remarkable regularity. Although some of her colleagues initially dismissed the pulses as man-made interference, Bell Burnell remained convinced of their extraterrestrial origin. Her persistent investigation eventually leads to the discovery of pulsars, rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation. Today, astronomers use these celestial objects as precise cosmic clocks to study gravitational waves.

Which choice, if any, is the most appropriate replacement for the underlined word?

  1. A
    NO CHANGE
  2. ledAnswer
  3. C
    has led
  4. D
    is leading

Answer

The past tense verb 'led' is correct because it maintains consistency with the simple past tense verbs used to describe the historical events of 1967.
The passage describes a sequence of completed historical events that occurred in 1967, as established by the verbs 'noticed,' 'observed,' 'dismissed,' and 'remained.' The past tense verb 'led' maintains this historical timeframe. Although the passage transitions to the present tense in the final sentence ('Today, astronomers use...'), the action of the investigation resulting in the discovery is a past completed event and must remain in the simple past tense.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the surrounding context to establish the timeframe of the passage.
The narrative begins in 1967 and uses simple past tense verbs ('noticed,' 'observed,' 'dismissed,' and 'remained') to describe Jocelyn Bell Burnell's actions and experiences.
Verb tenses must remain consistent unless there is a logical shift in time.
2
Identify the relationship of the sentence containing the underlined verb to the rest of the narrative.
The sentence describes the outcome of Bell Burnell's 1967 investigation, which is a completed action in the past.
This determines that the target verb must also be in the simple past tense to maintain consistency.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the form that correctly expresses simple past tense.
The form 'led' is the simple past tense of the verb 'lead.' The present tense 'leads' (NO CHANGE), present perfect 'has led,' and present progressive 'is leading' all introduce incorrect tense shifts.
This confirms the correct choice matches the established past tense context.

Key Concept

Verb Tense and Consistency
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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