Question

Difficulty: MediumPythagorean Theorem and Special Right Triangles

In the figure below, quadrilateral ABCDABCD is composed of two right triangles, △ABC\triangle ABC and △ACD\triangle ACD. The measure of ∠ABC\angle ABC is 90∘90^\circ, and the measure of ∠ACD\angle ACD is 90∘90^\circ. The side lengths are AB=3AB = 3 units and BC=4BC = 4 units. If the measure of ∠CAD\angle CAD is 60∘60^\circ, what is the length, in units, of segment CDCD?

  1. A
    21\sqrt{21}
  2. 535\sqrt{3}Answer
  3. C
    737\sqrt{3}
  4. D
    10
  5. E
    39\sqrt{39}

Answer

The length of segment CDCD is 535\sqrt{3} units.
The correct answer is the length of 535\sqrt{3} units. By using the Pythagorean theorem on the first right triangle △ABC\triangle ABC, the length of the hypotenuse is AC=32+42=5AC = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = 5. Since △ACD\triangle ACD is a 30-60-90 right triangle with a right angle at CC and ∠CAD=60∘\angle CAD = 60^\circ, the side ACAC is the shorter leg (opposite the 30∘30^\circ angle). The length of the longer leg CDCD (opposite the 60∘60^\circ angle) is therefore AC3=53AC\sqrt{3} = 5\sqrt{3}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Use the Pythagorean theorem in right triangle △ABC\triangle ABC to find the length of the hypotenuse ACAC.
AC=5AC = 5
Since △ABC\triangle ABC is a right triangle with legs AB=3AB = 3 and BC=4BC = 4, the hypotenuse is AC=32+42=9+16=5AC = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = 5.
2
Identify the type of right triangle for △ACD\triangle ACD.
△ACD\triangle ACD is a 30-60-90 right triangle.
The triangle has a right angle at CC (measure of ∠ACD=90∘\angle ACD = 90^\circ) and an acute angle at AA (measure of ∠CAD=60∘\angle CAD = 60^\circ), which leaves the remaining angle ∠ADC=30∘\angle ADC = 30^\circ.
3
Apply the special right triangle ratios to find the length of leg CDCD.
CD=53CD = 5\sqrt{3}
In a 30-60-90 triangle, the leg opposite the 60∘60^\circ angle is 3\sqrt{3} times the leg opposite the 30∘30^\circ angle. Here, AC=5AC = 5 is opposite the 30∘30^\circ angle, so the longer leg CD=AC3=53CD = AC\sqrt{3} = 5\sqrt{3}.

Key Concept

Using the Pythagorean theorem to find a shared side and then applying special right triangle ratios (30-60-90) to solve for an unknown length.

Alternative Method

Instead of using the special right triangle ratios directly, right triangle trigonometry can be applied: tan⁡(60∘)=oppositeadjacent=CDAC\tan(60^\circ) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{CD}{AC}. Since tan⁡(60∘)=3\tan(60^\circ) = \sqrt{3} and AC=5AC = 5, we have 3=CD5\sqrt{3} = \frac{CD}{5}, which yields CD=53CD = 5\sqrt{3}.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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