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Difficulty: HardEliminating Redundancy

Urban heat islands develop when cities replace natural land cover with dense concentrations of pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat. To mitigate this effect, urban planners frequently advocate for the installation of green roofs. Because these vegetated spaces are covered in plants, they can lower surface temperatures by shading buildings and cooling the air through evapotranspiration.

Which choice most effectively minimizes redundancy while maintaining grammatical correctness?

  1. A
    Because these vegetated spaces are covered in plants, they
  2. These vegetated spacesAnswer
  3. C
    These spaces are vegetated, they
  4. D
    Because they are vegetated, which

Answer

The choice 'These vegetated spaces' is correct because it removes the redundant reference to plants while establishing a grammatically sound independent clause.
The option reading 'These vegetated spaces' successfully eliminates the redundant reference to plants while providing a clear subject for the main verb 'can lower', resolving the sentence into a grammatically correct structure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the underlined portion for redundancy.
The word 'vegetated' and the phrase 'covered in plants' repeat the same meaning.
ACT English style requires clear and concise phrasing that avoids repeating synonyms.
2
Evaluate the choices for grammatical correctness.
Some choices introduce errors: one creates a comma splice by connecting two independent clauses with only a comma, and another creates a fragment by removing the main independent clause.
Eliminating redundancy must not introduce new grammatical errors.
3
Identify the option that is both concise and grammatically correct.
The phrase 'These vegetated spaces' serves as the subject for the main verb 'can lower' without repeating any synonym concepts.
This is the most concise and structurally sound option.

Key Concept

Eliminating Redundancy
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Eliminating Redundancy

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