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Difficulty: MediumAnalyzing Experimental Procedures and Apparatus

Experiment 1
Students investigated the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2CO_2) evolution during the reaction between calcium carbonate (CaCO3CaCO_3) and hydrochloric acid (HClHCl). The apparatus setup consisted of several components designed to ensure accurate measurement of dry gas at a stable temperature.

Based on the described experimental setup, match each apparatus component on the left with its specific procedural function on the right.

  • Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2CaCl_2) drying tubeRemoves atmospheric moisture and water vapor from the evolved gas stream
  • Water bath surrounding the reaction flaskPrevents thermal variation by maintaining constant temperature during the reaction
  • Inverted graduated cylinder filled with waterMeasures the displacement volume of collected carbon dioxide gas
  • Rubber stopper with delivery tubeEstablishes a closed system to channel evolved gas into the collection vessel without leakage

Answer

Anhydrous CaCl2CaCl_2 drying tube matches with removing moisture from the gas stream; Water bath matches with maintaining constant reaction temperature; Inverted graduated cylinder matches with measuring gas volume by water displacement; Rubber stopper with delivery tube matches with establishing a sealed system to direct gas flow.
Each apparatus component is matched according to its physical function within gas-generating experimental setups: calcium chloride acts as a desiccant to remove moisture, the water bath maintains thermal equilibrium, the inverted cylinder measures gas displacement volume, and the stopper ensures a closed system to channel gas without leakage.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the chemical physical function of anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2CaCl_2).
Calcium chloride is a hygroscopic salt that absorbs water vapor, serving as a desiccant to dry the gas.
Accurate gas measurement requires isolating CO2CO_2 from water vapor.
2
Identify the purpose of the surrounding water bath.
Water has a high specific heat capacity, maintaining a stable temperature around the reaction flask.
Temperature controls reaction rate, so keeping temperature constant isolates the effect of reactant concentration.
3
Determine the function of the inverted graduated cylinder filled with water.
As gas enters the inverted cylinder, it displaces water downward, providing readable volumetric measurements.
Water displacement is a standard method for measuring volume of insoluble or slightly soluble gases.
4
Determine the function of the stopper and delivery tube assembly.
It creates an airtight seal preventing gas escape and creates a direct path for the gas to reach the measuring vessel.
A closed system is required for total gas collection.

Key Concept

Analyzing apparatus component functions in gas collection and reaction rate experiments
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Topics

Analyzing Experimental Procedures and Apparatus

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