The following passage is adapted from an essay on the history of industrial chemistry and pigments:
In 1824, the French Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale announced a lucrative prize of six thousand francs to any chemist who could synthesize a commercially viable alternative to natural ultramarine. At the time, ultramarine was extracted solely from rare lapis lazuli stone, making it more expensive than its weight in gold. The competition sparked intense research across Europe.
In 1826, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Guimet successfully formulated a vibrant synthetic ultramarine in his laboratory in Toulouse by heating kaolin clay, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and charcoal in a sealed crucible. Shortly thereafter, in 1828, German chemist Christian Gmelin independently published his own sulfur-based synthesis technique, sparking a prolonged dispute regarding priority of discovery. However, because Guimet had confidentially submitted samples to the French society prior to Gmelin's publication, the official prize was formally awarded to Guimet in 1830. Industrial scale manufacturing began at Guimet’s factory in Bouchet-du-Rhône in 1831, permanently transforming textile printing and fine art production.
Based on the explicit details in the passage, place the following events in chronological order from earliest to latest.
- 1The Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale announces a six-thousand-franc prize.
- 2Jean-Baptiste Guimet formulates synthetic ultramarine in his Toulouse laboratory.
- 3Christian Gmelin publishes his independent sulfur-based synthesis method.
- 4The French society formally awards the prize to Jean-Baptiste Guimet.