Question

Difficulty: Very hardMeeting Specific Rhetorical Goals

In 1895, Harvard University opened the Fogg Art Museum, but its lecture hall was a disaster; speakers' voices bounced off the semicircular plaster walls, creating a chaotic echo that rendered lectures completely unintelligible. The university turned to a young physics assistant professor, Wallace Sabine, to solve the problem. Sabine painstakingly tracked the sound decay in the room, using a pipe organ and a stopwatch to measure the time it took for sound to become inaudible. He discovered that the duration of the reverberation was directly proportional to the room's volume and inversely proportional to the sound-absorbing qualities of its surfaces. [X] Ultimately, this breakthrough allowed him to calculate the exact amount of felt padding needed to absorb the excess sound, founding the modern science of architectural acoustics.

Given that all the choices are true, which one transitions most effectively from the discovery of the mathematical relationship to the practical application of it, while emphasizing the arduous nature of Sabine's experimentation?

  1. A
    He carried hundreds of heavy theater cushions into the hall by hand, this exhausting labor allowed him to verify his mathematical calculations.
  2. To test this formula, he spent countless late-night hours moving hundreds of hair-felt cushions from a nearby theater into the lecture hall to measure their absorption properties.Answer
  3. C
    His formula, which defined reverberation time, became a cornerstone of acoustic design, showing how materials like felt could absorb sound waves.
  4. D
    The hair-felt cushions, that he carried from the nearby Sanders Theatre, provided the physical data he needed to confirm his theory.

Answer

The correct choice is the option that begins with 'To test this formula,' as it is grammatically correct, provides a strong transition, and emphasizes the arduous effort involved in the experiment.
The correct choice transitions from the discovery of the formula in the previous sentence ('this formula') to the application of measuring absorption properties, while explicitly detailing the grueling nature of the task ('spent countless late-night hours moving hundreds of hair-felt cushions').

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the rhetorical goals requested in the prompt.
The correct choice must transition from the mathematical relationship (the formula) to the practical application (the experiments with felt), and it must emphasize the arduous nature of the experimentation.
This establishes the criteria for evaluating the rhetorical suitability of each option.
2
Evaluate the options for grammatical correctness.
The option beginning with 'He carried hundreds' contains a comma splice, and the option beginning with 'The hair-felt cushions' contains an incorrect comma placement before a restrictive relative clause ('that he carried').
Any option that introduces a grammatical error must be eliminated, regardless of its rhetorical content.
3
Evaluate the remaining grammatically correct options against the rhetorical goals.
The option starting with 'His formula, which defined reverberation time' is grammatically correct but fails to mention the arduous nature of Sabine's physical experiments. The option starting with 'To test this formula' meets all criteria: it connects to 'this formula,' leads into the practical testing of felt padding, and emphasizes the arduous work ('countless late-night hours moving hundreds of hair-felt cushions').
This isolates the only choice that is both grammatically correct and rhetorically aligned with the prompt.

Key Concept

Meeting Specific Rhetorical Goals
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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