Question

Difficulty: MediumParagraph Reordering and Placement

The following paragraphs are from a draft of an essay about the invention of Velcro.

[1] In 1941, Swiss electrical engineer George de Mestral went on a hunting trip in the Alps with his dog. Upon returning home, he noticed that both his pants and his dog's fur were covered in tiny cockleburs from the burdock plant. Intrigued by how tenaciously they clung to the fabric, he examined them under a microscope. He discovered that the burrs were covered in hundreds of microscopic hooks that caught on the tiny loops of thread in his trousers.

[2] Realizing the potential for a new type of fastener, de Mestral set out to replicate this hook-and-loop mechanism synthetically. After years of experimenting with various fabrics, he found that nylon, when sewn under infrared light, formed stiff loops that could be cut to create hooks. He patented this synthetic replica in 1955 and named it Velcro.

[3] Today, hook-and-loop fasteners are used in everything from apparel and athletic gear to aerospace equipment. NASA, in particular, popularized the product during the Apollo missions, utilizing it to secure objects in zero-gravity environments. Despite its initial rejection by the fashion industry, this Swiss-engineered innovation became a multi-million-dollar global success.

[4] Before the invention could become a household name, however, de Mestral had to convince manufacturers of its utility. The early prototypes were hand-woven and struggled to maintain their grip after multiple uses. It took almost a decade of refining the manufacturing process to produce a fastener that was both durable and cheap to mass-produce.

For the sake of the logic and cohesion of the essay, Paragraph 4 should be placed where?

  1. A
    where it is now
  2. B
    before Paragraph 1
  3. C
    after Paragraph 1
  4. after Paragraph 2Answer

Answer

after Paragraph 2
The essay flows chronologically from the initial discovery of the cockleburs on the dog's fur in 1941 (Paragraph 1) to the creation and patenting of the synthetic version in 1955 (Paragraph 2). Paragraph 4 describes the early struggles of manufacturing and refining the prototypes, which occurred after the patent was secured but before its modern success described in Paragraph 3. Therefore, placing it after Paragraph 2 maintains a logical timeline, linking the patenting of the invention to the process of trying to commercialize it before transitioning to its contemporary popularity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the chronological markers and transition clues in the paragraphs.
Identify that Paragraph 1 takes place in 1941, Paragraph 2 mentions patenting in 1955, Paragraph 3 discusses the present day ('Today'), and Paragraph 4 details the decade-long refinement process.
This establishes the historical timeline of the narrative.
2
Determine the logical sequence of events based on these markers.
The discovery (1941) must lead to replication and patenting (1955), followed by the decade-long manufacturing struggle, which eventually leads to widespread modern use ('Today').
Paragraph 4 connects the invention's patenting in Paragraph 2 to its eventual success in Paragraph 3.
3
Verify the placement of Paragraph 4 after Paragraph 2.
The transition from Paragraph 2 (naming it Velcro) to Paragraph 4 ('Before the invention could become a household name...') is coherent, as is the transition from Paragraph 4 (mass production success) to Paragraph 3 ('Today... global success').
Confirming the flow ensures cohesion and correct placement.

Key Concept

Paragraph Reordering and Placement
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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