Question

Difficulty: MediumCommas with Nonessential and Parenthetical Elements

Located on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland, the Giant's Causeway is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns. The site , which was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption, attracts thousands of tourists and geologists each year. Visitors marvel at the near-perfect hexagonal pillars that stretch from the cliffs into the sea.

Which choice is the most grammatically correct punctuation of the underlined portion?

  1. , which was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption, attractsAnswer
  2. B
    , which was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption attracts
  3. C
    ; which was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption, attracts
  4. D
    , that was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption, attracts

Answer

The correct answer is the option that uses the pronoun 'which' and sets off the nonessential relative clause with commas both before and after: ', which was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption, attracts'.
The relative clause describing the volcanic origin of the site is nonessential because 'the site' is already identified as the Giant's Causeway. Nonessential clauses must be set off by a pair of commas. The correct option correctly includes both the opening comma after 'site' and the closing comma after 'eruption'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine if the underlined clause is essential or nonessential to the meaning of the sentence.
The clause 'which was formed by an ancient volcanic fissure eruption' provides extra description about 'the site' (the Giant's Causeway) but is not required to identify it. Therefore, it is a nonessential (nonrestrictive) clause.
The site has already been uniquely identified in the previous sentence as the Giant's Causeway, making any subsequent descriptive clause nonessential.
2
Apply the punctuation rule for nonessential elements.
Nonessential elements must be set off from the rest of the sentence by a matching pair of punctuation marks, such as commas.
Omitting one of the commas or using a semicolon violates the rules of sentence structure and creates punctuation errors.

Key Concept

Nonessential (nonrestrictive) clauses add extra details to a sentence and must be set off by commas. Restrictive clauses are essential to the meaning and must not be separated from their referents by commas.
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