Question

Difficulty: HardIllogical and Incomplete Comparisons

The chemical composition of interstellar dust in the Orion Nebula, which contains complex organic molecules, is far more difficult to analyze than a typical comet in our solar system.

Which choice best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence?

  1. A
    NO CHANGE
  2. that of a typical comet in our solar system.Answer
  3. C
    a typical comet in our solar system, it has simpler chemical compounds.
  4. D
    analyzing a typical comet in our solar system.

Answer

The correct answer is the option that replaces the underlined text with 'that of a typical comet in our solar system.' This corrects the illogical comparison by comparing the chemical composition of the dust to the chemical composition of a comet, rather than comparing a composition directly to a comet.
The correct option correctly uses the pronoun phrase 'that of' to refer back to the singular noun phrase 'the chemical composition'. This establishes a logical, parallel comparison between the chemical composition of interstellar dust and the chemical composition of a typical comet. Without this pronoun phrase, the sentence illogically compares a chemical composition to a physical comet.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the two elements being compared in the sentence.
The first element is 'The chemical composition of interstellar dust', and the second element is 'a typical comet'.
To ensure a comparison is logical, the two items being compared must be of the same type.
2
Analyze if the comparison is logical.
Comparing a 'chemical composition' (an abstract property) to a 'comet' (a physical celestial body) is illogical.
A property must be compared to another property, or a celestial body to another celestial body.
3
Find a choice that makes the comparison logical and grammatically correct.
The phrase 'that of a typical comet' uses the pronoun 'that' to represent 'the chemical composition', making the comparison logical.
This creates a parallel comparison: the chemical composition of interstellar dust is compared to the chemical composition of a typical comet.

Key Concept

Illogical comparisons occur when a sentence compares two things that are not of the same type or cannot be logically compared. In English, singular nouns are compared using the pronoun 'that of' and plural nouns using 'those of' to maintain parallel structure and clarity.
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