Question

### Origin of the Hawaiian-Emperor Bend

The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain is a long line of volcanic islands and seamounts in the Pacific Ocean. A prominent 60° bend in the chain separates the older Emperor Seamounts from the younger Hawaiian Ridge. Two models propose different explanations for this bend.

Model 1 (Stationary Plume Model)
The mantle plume (hotspot) that created the seamounts remains completely stationary relative to the deep mantle. The Pacific Plate moved northward prior to 47 million years ago, creating the Emperor Seamounts. Around 47 million years ago, a major change in plate tectonic forces caused a sudden, sharp change in the Pacific Plate's motion to the northwest, forming the Hawaiian Ridge. The bend is entirely due to this change in plate motion.

Model 2 (Drifting Plume Model)
The Pacific Plate has moved in a constant northwestward direction for the past 80 million years. Prior to 47 million years ago, the mantle plume itself was drifting rapidly southward due to mantle convection currents, while the Pacific Plate moved northwestward over it. This relative motion created the north-south oriented Emperor Seamounts. Around 47 million years ago, the southward drift of the mantle plume slowed down and stopped, leaving the plume stationary at $19^\circ\text{N}$. Since then, only the constant northwestward plate motion has formed the seamounts, resulting in the bend.

Table 1 shows the paleomagnetic latitude (the latitude at which the rock cooled and solidified, indicating the position of the hotspot at the time of eruption) and age of several seamounts in the chain. The current latitude of the active Hawaiian hotspot is $19^\circ\text{N}$.

Based on the models and the data in Table 1, which model is supported by the paleomagnetic latitude measurements of the seamounts?