Question

Difficulty: Very hardTranslating Literal Statements to Paraphrases

Though early twentieth-century astronomers hypothesized that the interstellar medium was entirely devoid of matter, subsequent spectroscopic analyses revealed a sparse distribution of gas and dust. Specifically, the detection of interstellar absorption lines demonstrated that cold sodium and calcium atoms were absorbing starlight, thereby confirming the existence of diffuse matter between stellar bodies. While these gaseous elements are widely dispersed, their presence is not uniform; rather, they accumulate in discrete clouds that attenuate light from background stars. This attenuation, long mistaken for an absence of stars in certain regions of the sky, actually indicates areas of higher density where interstellar dust scatters shorter wavelengths of light, leaving only the longer, redder wavelengths to pass through to Earth.

Based on the passage, the attenuation of starlight in certain regions of the sky is indicative of which of the following?

  1. regions with greater concentrations of dust that selectively block shorter light wavelengthsAnswer
  2. B
    zones where a total absence of stellar bodies prevents any light from passing through
  3. C
    areas where cold sodium and calcium atoms accumulate to scatter red wavelengths of light
  4. D
    regions where the scattering of longer wavelengths of light makes background stars appear blue

Answer

The attenuation of starlight indicates regions with greater concentrations of dust that selectively block shorter light wavelengths.
The passage states that the attenuation of background starlight 'actually indicates areas of higher density where interstellar dust scatters shorter wavelengths of light, leaving only the longer, redder wavelengths to pass through.' The correct answer accurately paraphrases this by describing these areas as regions with greater concentrations of dust that selectively block shorter light wavelengths.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the portion of the passage that explains what starlight attenuation actually indicates.
The text states that this attenuation 'actually indicates areas of higher density where interstellar dust scatters shorter wavelengths of light, leaving only the longer, redder wavelengths to pass through.'
This is the direct textual reference that must be translated into a paraphrase.
2
Analyze the meaning of the located statement to identify the key elements.
The key elements are: 'areas of higher density' (higher concentration of matter/dust) and 'dust scatters shorter wavelengths... leaving only longer, redder wavelengths' (shorter wavelengths are blocked/scattered, while longer red ones pass).
Deconstructing the literal statement allows for accurate mapping to synonyms and paraphrased structures.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that accurately paraphrases these key elements without introducing errors.
The correct paraphrase describes these areas as regions with greater concentrations of dust that selectively block shorter light wavelengths.
This accurately translates 'higher density' to 'greater concentrations' and 'scatters shorter wavelengths' to 'selectively block shorter light wavelengths' without changing the meaning.

Key Concept

Translating Literal Statements to Paraphrases
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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