Question

Difficulty: MediumComplex Numbers and Operations

Let ii be the imaginary unit such that i2=1i^2 = -1. What is the simplified form of the expression (1+2i)2(3i)(1 + 2i)^2(3 - i)?

  1. A
    9+3i-9 + 3i
  2. 5+15i-5 + 15iAnswer
  3. C
    19+7i19 + 7i
  4. D
    13+15i-13 + 15i
  5. E
    50i50i

Answer

5+15i-5 + 15i
The correct answer is 5+15i-5 + 15i. We first expand the squared binomial (1+2i)2(1 + 2i)^2, which results in 1+4i+4i21 + 4i + 4i^2. Substituting i2=1i^2 = -1 yields 3+4i-3 + 4i. We then multiply this by the second binomial (3i)(3 - i) to get 9+3i+12i4i2-9 + 3i + 12i - 4i^2. Substituting i2=1i^2 = -1 one more time and combining like terms leads to the final simplified result of 5+15i-5 + 15i.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Expand the squared binomial (1+2i)2(1 + 2i)^2
1+4i+4i21 + 4i + 4i^2
Before multiplying by the second binomial, we must apply the exponent to the first binomial according to the order of operations.
2
Substitute i2=1i^2 = -1 to simplify the expression from Step 1
3+4i-3 + 4i
Since i2=1i^2 = -1, the term 4i24i^2 becomes 4(1)=44(-1) = -4, and combining the real parts gives 14=31 - 4 = -3.
3
Multiply the simplified term by (3i)(3 - i) using the FOIL method
9+3i+12i4i2-9 + 3i + 12i - 4i^2
We distribute each term of the first binomial into the second binomial: (3)(3)=9(-3)(3) = -9, (3)(i)=3i(-3)(-i) = 3i, (4i)(3)=12i(4i)(3) = 12i, and (4i)(i)=4i2(4i)(-i) = -4i^2.
4
Simplify the resulting expression by combining like terms and substituting i2=1i^2 = -1
5+15i-5 + 15i
Combining the imaginary parts gives 3i+12i=15i3i + 12i = 15i. Substituting i2=1i^2 = -1 into 4i2-4i^2 gives 4(1)=+4-4(-1) = +4. Finally, combining the real parts yields 9+4=5-9 + 4 = -5.

Key Concept

Simplification of complex expressions involving binomial squaring and multiplication under the definition i2=1i^2 = -1.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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