Question

Difficulty: MediumComparative Relationships

For decades, the "Clovis First" model dominated American archaeology, proposing that the earliest inhabitants of the Americas were big-game hunters who crossed the Bering Land Bridge around 13,000 years ago, leaving distinct fluted stone points across North America. This model framed the colonization of the continent as a rapid, land-based migration through an ice-free corridor. Conversely, the "Coastal Migration" theory suggests that maritime travelers arrived much earlier—perhaps 15,000 to 16,000 years ago—by hugging the Pacific coastline in boats, relying on marine resources rather than terrestrial megafauna. While the Clovis model relies heavily on widespread, uniform lithic technology found in interior sites, the Coastal Migration theory is supported by older, localized coastal sites like Monte Verde in Chile, which lack Clovis-style tools and contain remnants of organic materials.

Based on the passage, how does the evidence supporting the Clovis First model compare to the evidence supporting the Coastal Migration theory?

  1. A
    The Clovis First model relies on evidence of marine resource consumption along the Pacific coastline, whereas the Coastal Migration theory is supported by evidence of tracking terrestrial megafauna across land bridges.
  2. B
    The Clovis First model relies on organic remnants found in South American coastal sites, whereas the Coastal Migration theory is supported by fluted stone points discovered in interior corridors.
  3. C
    The Clovis First model is supported by evidence of a slow, coastal expansion over sixteen thousand years, whereas the Coastal Migration theory is supported by evidence of a rapid, land-based colonization.
  4. The Clovis First model is supported by widespread, uniform stone tools from interior sites, whereas the Coastal Migration theory is supported by older, localized coastal sites containing organic materials.Answer

Answer

The Clovis First model is supported by widespread, uniform stone tools from interior sites, whereas the Coastal Migration theory is supported by older, localized coastal sites containing organic materials.
The correct answer is correct because the passage explicitly states that the Clovis model relies on widespread, uniform lithic technology (stone tools) found in interior sites, while the Coastal Migration theory is supported by older, localized coastal sites containing organic materials.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage to locate references to the specific archaeological evidence associated with both the Clovis First model and the Coastal Migration theory.
The passage indicates that the Clovis First model is supported by widespread, uniform lithic technology (stone tools) found in interior sites, while the Coastal Migration theory is supported by older, localized coastal sites containing organic materials.
This step establishes the literal facts stated in the text for both models.
2
Compare the options against the established passage details to find the correct statement.
The option asserting that the Clovis First model is supported by widespread, uniform stone tools from interior sites, while the Coastal Migration theory is supported by older, localized coastal sites containing organic materials, matches the text.
This step identifies the accurate comparative statement and eliminates options that swap or distort details.

Key Concept

Identifying comparative relationships between two scientific models based on evidence
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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