Question

Difficulty: MediumKinship, Gender, and Family Structures in Pre-colonial Africa

In pre-colonial Yoruba society in West Africa, kinship was organized around patrilineal descent, meaning lineage and inheritance were traced through the father's line. Despite this structure, Yoruba women maintained significant economic independence and social authority. Which of the following historical features of Yoruba society best explains how women maintained this autonomy?

  1. A
    The widespread adoption of a single, uniform matrilineal system across all West African ethnic groups to support women's trade.
  2. Their active leadership in autonomous market guilds and control over their own trade profits.Answer
  3. C
    A belief system that designated women as the sole spiritual custodians of land, thereby preventing men from inheriting family property.
  4. D
    The adoption of early European colonial legal frameworks that granted women complete property rights over their husbands' compounds.

Answer

Their active leadership in autonomous market guilds and control over their own trade profits.
The correct answer is correct because pre-colonial Yoruba society, while tracing lineage and inheritance patrilineally, featured a parallel social structure that granted women significant autonomy. Women dominated local trade and established self-governing market guilds, retaining individual ownership of their earnings, which allowed them to wield substantial political and social influence.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the kinship structure of the society mentioned in the question.
The Yoruba society of pre-colonial West Africa was patrilineal, meaning lineage and inheritance were traced through the paternal line.
This establishes the social and family framework under which individuals operated.
2
Analyze how gender roles and economic spheres interacted with this patrilineal framework.
Despite patrilineal lineage, women held distinct, parallel roles of authority, particularly in commerce.
This explains why lineage systems did not completely restrict women's social and economic agency.
3
Determine the specific institution that facilitated women's autonomy.
Women organized and led their own market guilds, retaining control of their wealth independently from their husbands' families.
This identifies the concrete historical mechanism for their social influence.

Key Concept

Kinship, Gender, and Family Structures in Pre-colonial Africa

Hints

1
Consider the difference between family descent rules (how lineage is traced) and economic systems (how trade and wealth are managed).
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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