Question

Difficulty: MediumDeveloping Thesis and Line of Reasoning in Short Fiction Analysis

Read the following passage from Edith Wharton’s 1934 short story "Roman Fever" carefully.

"Great Temple of Peace," Mrs. Slade echoed, and breathed a deep sigh. She shifted her position slightly in the low chair, bending forward so that her chin rested on her hand, her eyes still on the ruined Forum.

"How the light drafts over those columns!" she murmured.

"Yes," Mrs. Ansley agreed. She was a smaller woman, and less defined than her companion. She sat very still, her hands folded over a bag of bright colored wool. "It’s the most beautiful view in the world."

"It always will be, to me," Mrs. Slade rejoined. "And yet, you know, to girls of our age, it was different. We didn’t look at it as a view. We looked at it as a background. A backdrop for... well, for ourselves, and for what was going to happen to us."

Mrs. Ansley turned her head slightly. "Yes. I suppose so."

"And what did happen? Only that we both married and had children—and now we’re back here, looking at the view. It’s funny how little remains of all that we expected."

"Is it?" Mrs. Ansley’s voice was barely audible. She drew a long thread of crimson wool from her bag.

Mrs. Slade laughed. "My dear Grace, of course it is! Or perhaps it’s only that I’m more restless than you. You’ve always been so wonderfully quiet, so—so content with the background. Sometimes I envy you. And yet, when I think of all the things we thought would happen... the drama we expected..."

She broke off, her gaze wandering back to the ruins. It was true that she had always regarded Alida Ansley as a passive, almost transparent figure—a foil to her own vivid energy. As girls, Alida had been the quiet one, the one who stayed in the shadow while she, Alida, had occupied the center of the stage. Even their marriages seemed to reflect this dynamic. Mrs. Slade had married Delphin Slade, the famous corporation lawyer, and lived a life of brilliant social triumphs; Mrs. Ansley had married well, but quietly, and had slipped early into a dim widowhood. Yet now, looking at her friend in the shifting Roman light, Mrs. Slade felt a sudden, inexplicable prick of doubt. There was something in Alida's silence, in the deliberate movement of her needles, that seemed to challenge Mrs. Slade’s long-held narrative of superiority.

A student analyzing the passage wishes to write an essay arguing that Mrs. Slade's sense of superiority is threatened by Mrs. Ansley's quiet independence. Which of the following statements represents the most defensible thesis for this essay?

  1. A
    Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley sit on a terrace overlooking the Roman Forum and discuss their past marriages, their children, and how their expectations have changed over time.
  2. B
    The physical ruins of the Roman Forum create a beautiful backdrop that makes the two women feel nostalgic about their youth and the passage of time.
  3. Although Mrs. Slade outwardly projects a narrative of social superiority based on her past successes, her sudden, internal doubt reveals how Mrs. Ansley’s quiet presence challenges this superficial self-concept.Answer
  4. D
    Mrs. Slade’s aggressive dialogue and Mrs. Ansley’s sudden confession of an affair show that female friendships in the twentieth century were ultimately destructive and fragile.
  5. E
    Because Mrs. Slade is a more dynamic and successful individual than the passive and quiet Mrs. Ansley, she is naturally suited to dominate their conversation and relationship.

Answer

The correct answer states that although Mrs. Slade outwardly projects a narrative of social superiority, her internal doubt reveals how Mrs. Ansley's quiet presence challenges her self-concept.
The correct answer is correct because it formulates a defensible thesis that identifies a complex conflict (the tension between Mrs. Slade's public superiority and her private insecurity) and links it directly to Mrs. Ansley's silent presence, establishing a clear line of reasoning for a literary analysis essay.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage to identify the central relationship dynamic and conflict between Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley.
Mrs. Slade is shown to outwardly dominate the conversation and view herself as superior, but the final paragraph reveals her inner doubt and insecurity when faced with Mrs. Ansley's silence.
This establishes the core conflict of the text that a defensible thesis must address.
2
Evaluate the options to distinguish between descriptive statements and analytical, defensible arguments.
The statement focusing on how Mrs. Slade's outward projection of superiority is challenged by Mrs. Ansley's silence is the only option that offers a defensible, analytical interpretation of the text rather than a summary of plot or setting.
A strong literary thesis must make a claim that requires evidence and analysis to prove, rather than stating obvious facts.

Key Concept

Developing a defensible thesis statement that establishes a clear line of reasoning about a literary text.
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