Question

Difficulty: HardExtended Metaphors and Conceits

Read the following seventeenth-century poem, "The Windows" by George Herbert, carefully:

Lord, how can man preach thy eternal word?
He is a brittle crazy glass;
Yet in thy temple thou dost him afford
This glorious and transcendent place,
To be a window, through thy grace.

But when thou dost anneal in glass thy story,
Making thy life to shine within
The holy preachers; then the light and glory
More rev'rend grows, and more doth win;
Which else shows waterish, bleak, and thin.

Doctrine and life colors and light in one
When they combine and mingle, bring
A strong regard and awe: but speech alone
Doth vanish like a flaring thing,
An in the ear, not conscience ring.

In the poem, how does the extended metaphor of the stained-glass window develop to convey the speaker’s perspective on preaching?

  1. A
    It contrasts the physical beauty of temple architecture with the spiritual decay of the congregation, suggesting that only external structures can withstand the passage of time.
  2. B
    It characterizes the preacher's voice as a brilliant flame that initially illuminates the temple but is ultimately extinguished by the brittle nature of the glass.
  3. It progresses from identifying the preacher as inherently fragile, clear glass to illustrating how God’s grace embeds divine narrative within their character, culminating in a synthesis of doctrine and actions that makes spiritual truth impactful.Answer
  4. D
    It focuses on the speaker's personal anxiety about their own mortality, comparing their physical decline to a window that is becoming increasingly bleak and thin.
  5. E
    It defines the 'brittle crazy glass' as a rhetorical device used by preachers to entertain audiences, arguing that such metaphors are ultimately waterish and thin.

Answer

The correct answer states that the metaphor progresses from depicting the preacher as fragile, clear glass to illustrating how God’s grace embeds divine narrative within their character, culminating in a synthesis of doctrine and actions that makes spiritual truth impactful.
The correct answer accurately traces the development of the conceit. The poem begins by characterizing the preacher as fragile, clear glass, details how God's grace anneals His story into them, and concludes with the integration of colors and light representing the synthesis of doctrine and life.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the opening metaphor in the first stanza.
The preacher is described as 'brittle crazy glass,' establishing human fragility and unworthiness as the starting point of the conceit.
This establishes the 'vehicle' (clear, cracked glass) and the 'tenor' (the preacher) of the conceit.
2
Analyze the development of the metaphor in the second stanza.
The speaker introduces the term 'anneal,' which refers to heating glass to fuse colors and stories into it. This represents God's grace working to embed His 'life' and 'story' directly into the preacher's character.
This explains the process of transformation from clear, weak glass to colored, resilient glass that can transmit divine glory.
3
Analyze the synthesis in the final stanza.
The combination of 'colors' (doctrine) and 'light' (life) represents a complete integration of preaching and living, which creates spiritual 'awe' and impacts the 'conscience' far more than 'speech alone.'
This demonstrates how the conceit culminates in a unified thematic argument about vocational integrity and spiritual authenticity.

Key Concept

Analyzing how an extended metaphor or conceit develops across a poem to convey a complex theme.
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