Question

Difficulty: MediumResistance to Reconstruction and its Ultimate Collapse

"We have restored white rule in our state, not by violating the law, but by vindicating the natural right of intelligence and property to govern. The corrupt administration of northern adventurers and their ignorant followers has ended. Mississippi is once again in the hands of her own citizens, who will restore order, practice economy, and preserve peace between the races without the interference of federal bayonets."

—Adapted from a Southern Democratic newspaper editorial, 1875

The perspective expressed in the editorial most directly reflects which of the following developments during the Reconstruction era?

  1. The political mobilization of Southern Democrats to overthrow Republican-led state administrationsAnswer
  2. B
    The enforcement of the Fourteenth Amendment by federal courts to protect freedmen's civil liberties
  3. C
    The passage of the Reconstruction Acts to establish military districts throughout the South
  4. D
    The successful implementation of federal land redistribution programs for freedmen

Answer

The political mobilization of Southern Democrats to overthrow Republican-led state administrations
The editorial reflects the goals and rhetoric of the Southern 'Redeemers'—Southern Democrats who sought to overthrow Republican-led state governments. By 1875, these Redeemers had successfully used political coalitions, racial terror, and intimidation (often referred to as the Mississippi Plan) to regain control of state governments, claiming they were restoring order and local autonomy while seeking an end to federal military intervention.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus document for key historical context and perspective.
The document is a Southern Democratic editorial from Mississippi in 1875 celebrating the overthrow of Republican ('northern adventurers') rule and the restoration of white Democratic control ('white rule').
Understanding the source's date (1875) and bias is critical to identifying the historical process of 'Redemption' that led to the collapse of Reconstruction.
2
Evaluate the choices against the historical developments of the mid-1870s.
Southern Democrats, calling themselves Redeemers, used a combination of political organizing, economic pressure, and paramilitary violence to reclaim Southern state governments from the Republican coalition.
This matches the editorial's boast of restoring local control and ending federal military presence ('interference of federal bayonets').

Key Concept

The political 'Redemption' movement and the collapse of Reconstruction state governments due to white Southern resistance.
Rate this question