Question

Difficulty: HardThe Revolutionary War: Military and Diplomacy

“We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again. The whole country is one continued scene of blood and slaughter... The enemy have been successful in their actions, but they have suffered so much in the victories they have obtained that they are now unable to move, and we are in a condition to act offensively. If we can only keep the field, we must eventually ruin the enemy’s army and compel them to abandon their conquests.”

— General Nathanael Greene, letter to the Chevalier de La Luzerne, 1781

The military strategy outlined by Greene in the excerpt most directly led to which of the following developments?

  1. The exhaustion of British forces under Lord Cornwallis, forcing their retreat to the coast and setting the stage for the siege of Yorktown.Answer
  2. B
    The immediate establishment of a permanent standing army funded by national taxes under the newly drafted Articles of Confederation.
  3. C
    The colonial decision to submit to the Declaratory Act in exchange for British recognition of Southern territorial sovereignty.
  4. D
    The rapid migration of New England puritan farming families to the Southern colonies to replace loyalist labor on cash-crop plantations.

Answer

The exhaustion of British forces under Lord Cornwallis, forcing their retreat to the coast and setting the stage for the siege of Yorktown.
The military strategy of attrition employed by General Nathanael Greene in the Southern theater intentionally drew British forces into costly tactical victories. Although Cornwallis won battles like Guilford Courthouse, the losses his army suffered were unsustainable. Exhausted and depleted, Cornwallis withdrew to Yorktown, Virginia, hoping to connect with the Royal Navy, which set the stage for the decisive Franco-American siege.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the source text to identify the military context and strategy.
The excerpt shows General Nathanael Greene describing a strategy of tactical retreat and persistent engagement ('fight, get beat, rise, and fight again') that inflicts heavy casualties on the British ('suffered so much in the victories they have obtained').
This establishes that the strategy is one of attrition rather than seeking decisive battlefield victories.
2
Evaluate the options for historical accuracy regarding the outcomes of the Southern campaign.
Greene's strategy of attrition exhausted Lord Cornwallis's army (e.g., at Guilford Courthouse), forcing Cornwallis to abandon the Carolinas and march to Yorktown, Virginia, for resupply and reinforcement.
This connects the strategy directly to the ultimate military climax at Yorktown.
3
Differentiate the correct historical outcome from the distractors based on chronological and conceptual errors.
The correct option correctly links the Southern campaign to Yorktown. The other options introduce anachronistic events (Declaratory Act), misinterpret the powers of the Articles of Confederation, or conflate regional colonial structures.
This confirms the correct option is the only historically valid outcome.

Key Concept

Continental Army Southern Strategy of Attrition
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