Question

Difficulty: EasyThe New South and Jim Crow

"Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful. . . . The thin disguise of 'equal' accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead any one, nor atone for the wrong this day done."
— Justice John Marshall Harlan, dissenting opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

Which of the following was a direct result of the majority decision in the Supreme Court case referenced in the excerpt?

  1. It provided legal justification for the expansion of racial segregation.Answer
  2. B
    It enforced the voting protections established by the Fifteenth Amendment.
  3. C
    It established federal regulation of railroad rates to support Southern industries.
  4. D
    It mandated the redistribution of land to Native Americans to encourage assimilation.

Answer

It provided legal justification for the expansion of racial segregation.
The Supreme Court's majority decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, providing constitutional sanction for state-mandated racial segregation in public accommodations and accelerating the expansion of Jim Crow laws across the South.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the source and context of the excerpt.
The excerpt is from Justice John Marshall Harlan's dissenting opinion in the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson.
Recognizing the landmark case helps determine the majority ruling's impact.
2
Recall the majority ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson.
The majority upheld a Louisiana law requiring segregated railroad cars, establishing the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
This doctrine allowed states to legally separate races in public spaces as long as facilities were equal.
3
Determine the direct historical consequence of this ruling.
The ruling gave legal cover to Southern states to expand Jim Crow segregation laws to schools, hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations.
This matches the option stating it provided legal justification for the expansion of racial segregation.

Key Concept

Establishment of the legal framework for Jim Crow segregation through Plessy v. Ferguson
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