Question

Difficulty: MediumMexican-American War and Sectional Tension

"I make no war upon the South nor upon slavery in the South. I have no squeamish sensitiveness upon the subject of slavery, nor morbid sympathy for the slave. I plead the cause of the rights of white freemen. I would preserve for free white labor a fair country, a rich inheritance, where the sons of toil, of my own race and color, can go and settle, to cultivate the earth with their own hands... I would preserve the free soil of the West for the free white man."
— Representative David Wilmot, speech in Congress, 1847

Which of the following best describes the primary political motive behind the position outlined in the excerpt?

  1. A
    To establish popular sovereignty as a means for the federal government to directly regulate the domestic institutions of territories.
  2. To exclude slavery from the territories acquired from Mexico in order to protect white laborers from competing with slave labor.Answer
  3. C
    To resolve sectional divisions by focusing on federal tariff reform rather than addressing the status of slavery in the West.
  4. D
    To justify the annexation of western lands as a defensive measure to enforce the Monroe Doctrine against European colonization.

Answer

To exclude slavery from the territories acquired from Mexico in order to protect white laborers from competing with slave labor.
The correct option is supported by the excerpt, which shows that the primary motivation of the free-soil position was to preserve the newly acquired western territories for free white labor, thereby preventing competition with enslaved labor. Wilmot openly disclaims any moral opposition to Southern slavery, focusing instead on the economic protection of white workers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the author's primary arguments and motivations.
The author (David Wilmot) disclaims any moral crusade against Southern slavery, focusing instead on protecting 'free white labor' and keeping the territory open for 'white freemen.'
This establishes that the core motive of the Free Soil movement represented here is economic and racial self-interest for white workers, rather than immediate abolitionism.
2
Evaluate the options to find the one that matches this motive.
The option regarding protecting white laborers from competing with slave labor aligns with the author's emphasis on preserving western soil for white freemen.
It accurately captures the economic and social arguments that animated the Wilmot Proviso and free-soil advocates.
3
Verify that the other options contain historical inaccuracies or fail to address the stimulus.
The other options misinterpret popular sovereignty, conflate the issue with tariff disputes, or misapply the Monroe Doctrine.
This confirms that the economic protection of free white labor is the only supported and historically accurate option.

Key Concept

The Wilmot Proviso and the Free Soil movement's economic argument against the expansion of slavery following the Mexican-American War.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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