Question

Difficulty: EasyThe Second Great Awakening and Social Reform

Charles G. Finney, *Lectures on Revivals of Religion*, 1835:

"When the churches are thus awakened and reformed, the salvation of sinners will follow, going through the community with power... The great business of the church is to reform the world, to put away every kind of sin."

The sentiments expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following developments?

  1. The growth of voluntary organizations dedicated to social reforms like temperanceAnswer
  2. B
    The transition of household manufacturing into centralized factory production
  3. C
    The series of Supreme Court decisions that expanded the power of the federal government
  4. D
    The establishment of a defensive foreign policy to prevent European colonization in the Americas

Answer

The growth of voluntary organizations dedicated to social reforms like temperance
The correct option is correct because the Second Great Awakening popularized the concept of perfectionism—the belief that individuals and society could be morally improved. Converts put this belief into practice by forming voluntary reform societies, such as the American Temperance Society, to address perceived sins in American life.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus.
The excerpt by Charles Finney connects the awakening of churches with the social duty to 'reform the world' and 'put away every kind of sin.'
This establishes the religious foundation of social activism during the Second Great Awakening.
2
Link the religious ideology to the correct historical development.
The belief in moral perfectionism inspired individuals to create reform societies targeting societal problems such as alcohol consumption, slavery, and lack of public education.
This demonstrates the direct translation of revivalist religious ideas into organized social reform movements.

Key Concept

The relationship between religious revivalism (Second Great Awakening) and the rise of antebellum social reform movements.
Estimated Time:45s
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