Question

Difficulty: EasyThe Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s

"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct action campaign that was 'well timed' in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word 'Wait!'... This 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never.' We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that 'justice too long delayed is justice denied.'"

— Martin Luther King, Jr., "Letter from Birmingham Jail," 1963

Which of the following best describes the author's main argument in the excerpt?

  1. African Americans must engage in active, immediate protest because waiting for oppressors to grant rights voluntarily is ineffective.Answer
  2. B
    All major civil rights organizations agreed that nonviolent direct action was the only acceptable method to end segregation.
  3. C
    The civil rights movement should focus on expanding the economic relief programs established by the New Deal.
  4. D
    Civil rights campaigns should be paused to focus national resources on containing communism in East Asia.

Answer

African Americans must engage in active, immediate protest because waiting for oppressors to grant rights voluntarily is ineffective.
The correct option is correct because Martin Luther King, Jr. explicitly asserts that direct action is necessary because waiting for the oppressor to grant freedom is ineffective and 'justice too long delayed is justice denied.'

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the provided historical source.
Identify that the text is written by Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1963 during the Birmingham campaign, focusing on the urgency of direct action.
Understanding the author and context helps clarify the main argument of the text.
2
Evaluate the main claim made in the excerpt.
King explicitly states that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor and must be demanded, and that 'wait' has historically meant 'never.'
Direct textual evidence reveals the core message: the necessity of immediate protest over gradualism.
3
Compare the core message to the given options to find the best match.
The option advocating for immediate protest matches King's call for direct action and rejection of waiting.
This confirms the correct option while eliminating choices that misrepresent the document's argument or the broader civil rights movement.

Key Concept

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s
Estimated Time:45s
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