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Difficulty: MediumSocial and Political Controversies of the 1920s

"We have been dispossessed of our rights in the land of our birth, and now that we are free, we are being told that we must remain in a state of dependency and servitude. The Universal Negro Improvement Association advocates for the uniting of all Negro people into a great nation of their own... We do not desire to clash with the white race, but we do demand our place in the sun, and we shall not be satisfied until we have established a government of our own on the continent of Africa."

— Marcus Garvey, speech delivered in New York City, 1922

The ideas expressed in the excerpt highlight a division in the 1920s African American community over which of the following issues?

  1. A
    The use of nonviolent direct action versus armed defense to achieve legislative desegregation
  2. The effectiveness of integration into mainstream American society versus building separate nationalist institutionsAnswer
  3. C
    The formation of a rural agrarian political party to campaign for federal price supports
  4. D
    The implementation of isolationist policies to prevent the United States from entering international treaties

Answer

The effectiveness of integration into mainstream American society versus building separate nationalist institutions
The correct answer is correct because the excerpt reflects Marcus Garvey's Black Nationalist philosophy, which prioritized racial self-reliance, economic independence, and resettlement in Africa. This stood in direct opposition to the integrationist and legal advocacy strategy led by figures like W.E.B. Du Bois and the NAACP in the 1920s.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the source author and core message.
The excerpt is from Marcus Garvey representing the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), advocating for Black Nationalism, self-reliance, and Pan-Africanism (resettlement in Africa).
Understanding the author's argument is essential for identifying the specific 1920s debate.
2
Identify the opposing perspectives in the 1920s African American community.
Other civil rights leaders, such as W.E.B. Du Bois and organizations like the NAACP, advocated for integration and civil rights advocacy through the legal system and political participation.
This comparison defines the nature of the division.
3
Match the division to the options.
The debate between Garvey's separatism/nationalism and the NAACP's integrationism is captured by the correct option.
Selecting the option that accurately portrays this ideological divide.

Key Concept

Debates within the African American community during the 1920s over strategies for social progress and racial equality
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Topics

Social and Political Controversies of the 1920s

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