Question

Difficulty: MediumPolitical Realignment, Watergate, and Rise of Conservatism

"All the signs point to a major realignment of the American electorate... The Negro revolution and its impact on the white suburbs and industrial heartland is the major single factor in the destruction of the New Deal coalition... The national Democratic Party has become the party of the black population, the liberal establishment, and the young, leaving the great middle-class majority to find a new home in the Republican Party."
—Adapted from Kevin Phillips, political strategist, *The Emerging Republican Majority*, 1969

Which of the following developments in the late 1960s and 1970s most directly contributed to the political realignment described in the excerpt?

  1. The Republican Party's use of the 'Southern Strategy' to appeal to white voters disaffected by civil rights reforms.Answer
  2. B
    The consensus among civil rights organizations to align exclusively with the Republican Party to achieve integration.
  3. C
    The Nixon administration's adoption of supply-side economic policies to curb high inflation and unemployment.
  4. D
    The broad expansion of New Deal-style federal programs during the 1970s to completely eliminate the national debt.

Answer

The Republican Party's use of the 'Southern Strategy' to appeal to white voters disaffected by civil rights reforms.
The correct answer is correct because the 'Southern Strategy' was a deliberate Republican effort during the late 1960s and 1970s to gain political support in the South by appealing to white voters' opposition to federal civil rights legislation and integration, leading to a major political realignment in the region.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus document and identify the author's argument.
The author (Kevin Phillips) argues that the New Deal coalition is fracturing, particularly due to racial tensions, causing middle-class white voters to move from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
This establishes the historical context of political realignment in the late 1960s.
2
Evaluate the historical developments of the late 1960s and 1970s that align with the author's description.
The Republican Party actively courted conservative white voters, particularly in the South and suburbs, by opposing forced busing and other federal civil rights initiatives.
This strategy, known as the Southern Strategy, directly materialized the realignment predicted by Phillips.
3
Eliminate options that are historically inaccurate or mischaracterize the era.
Civil rights groups did not align with the GOP; Nixon did not use supply-side economics; and New Deal expansion did not eliminate the debt.
This confirms the correct option as the one describing the Southern Strategy.

Key Concept

Political Realignment and the Southern Strategy
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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