Question

Difficulty: MediumThe Articles of Confederation and the Northwest Territory

"The United States in Congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war... entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever..."

— Articles of Confederation, Article IX, 1777

Which of the following historical situations in the 1780s arose most directly from the constitutional limitation described in the excerpt?

  1. Individual states established competing tariffs and trade barriers, as Congress lacked the authority to enforce a uniform national commercial policy.Answer
  2. B
    The federal government prohibited states from taxing interstate commerce, leading to an economic boom that primarily benefited Northern merchants.
  3. C
    Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts in response to the uniform trade restrictions established by the Confederation Congress.
  4. D
    Federalists and Democratic-Republicans split over whether to ratify a commercial treaty with France, leading to the collapse of the unicameral legislature.

Answer

Individual states established competing tariffs and trade barriers, as Congress lacked the authority to enforce a uniform national commercial policy.
The correct answer is correct because the Articles of Confederation left the power to regulate commerce and levy tariffs to the individual states. Consequently, during the 1780s, states engaged in economic disputes by imposing competing tariffs on foreign goods and on trade with neighboring states, which prevented the establishment of a coherent national trade policy and weakened the young nation's economy.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the primary source excerpt.
The excerpt states that Congress has the power to make treaties, but cannot prevent individual states from imposing their own duties and tariffs ('imposts and duties') on foreign trade.
Understanding the specific constitutional limitation on commercial treaty-making is necessary to determine its historical consequences.
2
Evaluate the options in the context of the 1780s under the Articles of Confederation.
Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government's inability to regulate commerce or establish a uniform national tariff led to economic instability, as individual states set their own conflicting trade policies and tariffs.
Connecting the constitutional limitation to its direct economic impact on the post-Revolutionary United States.

Key Concept

The economic and political weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, specifically regarding the regulation of commerce.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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