Question

Difficulty: MediumPostwar Economy, Suburbanization, and Demographics

The concentration of defense-oriented industries in the Southwest and Pacific Coast states has created a new economic dynamic. Since 1945, federal contracts for aircraft, electronics, and aerospace development have acted as a magnet for skilled labor, drawing millions of families away from the traditional manufacturing centers of the Northeast and Midwest. This movement has not only transformed the regional distribution of the American population but has also shifted the balance of political power in Congress, as congressional seats follow the Sunbelt migration.

—Adapted from a federal economic report, 1961

Which of the following was a primary cause of the population movement described in the excerpt?

  1. The allocation of federal funding to defense contracts and military installations in the South and West.Answer
  2. B
    A return to strict laissez-faire principles that eliminated government intervention in the national economy.
  3. C
    The implementation of Great Society programs designed to relocate urban industrial workers to rural farms.
  4. D
    The completion of a national canal system during the Market Revolution that linked the Northeast and West.

Answer

The allocation of federal funding to defense contracts and military installations in the South and West.
The correct answer is correct because the federal government heavily subsidized the development of the Sunbelt (the South and West) through massive Cold War defense spending, military installations, and contracts for aerospace and electronics industries, which attracted millions of workers to these regions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the key demographic and economic trend described.
The excerpt outlines the migration of workers from the Northeast and Midwest to the Southwest and Pacific Coast (the Sunbelt) due to federal defense-related industrial development after 1945.
Understanding the core subject of the source is necessary to link it to the correct historical cause.
2
Evaluate the factors that enabled this regional growth and migration.
Cold War military spending and federal contracts heavily subsidized aerospace, electronics, and defense industries in the South and West.
This identifies the direct historical cause for the rise of Sunbelt industries and jobs.
3
Confirm which option aligns with this federal spending catalyst while eliminating distractors from incorrect eras or concepts.
The correct option correctly identifies the allocation of federal funding to defense contracts and military installations.
This provides a historically accurate cause that matches the evidence in the stimulus.

Key Concept

Sunbelt Migration and Postwar Federal Spending
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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