Question

Difficulty: EasyImmigration, Urbanization, and Social Culture

Selected United States Immigration Statistics by Region of Origin, 1871–1890:

DecadeImmigrants from Northern and Western EuropeImmigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
1871–18802,070,000180,000
1881–18902,990,000950,000

Based on the table, which of the following trends in late-nineteenth-century immigration is most directly supported by the data?

  1. An increasing number of immigrants were arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe, representing a shift in the demographic origins of new arrivals.Answer
  2. B
    The federal government adhered to a strict laissez-faire policy by refusing to enact any laws restricting or regulating immigration during these decades.
  3. C
    Rural Populist organizations successfully redirected the majority of these new immigrants to settle in agricultural cooperatives in the Midwest.
  4. D
    The federal government relocated the majority of Southern and Eastern European immigrants to independent family farms under the terms of the Dawes Act.

Answer

An increasing number of immigrants were arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe, representing a shift in the demographic origins of new arrivals.
The correct option is supported directly by the table, which demonstrates a significant rise in immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe (from 180,000 to 950,000). This reflects the historical transition from 'Old' to 'New' immigration during the late nineteenth century, as industrialization drew millions of workers from Southern and Eastern Europe to American cities.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the table's data for both regions across the two decades.
Immigration from Northern and Western Europe grew from approximately 2.07 million to 2.99 million (about a 44% increase). Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe grew from 180,000 to 950,000 (about a 427% increase).
Understanding the quantitative changes is necessary to identify the core demographic shift.
2
Evaluate the options against the calculated trends and Gilded Age historical context.
The option describing the rising number of Southern and Eastern European immigrants directly matches the data. The other options make historically inaccurate claims regarding government policies (laissez-faire, Dawes Act) and political movements (Populists).
Connecting the data to the broader historical concept of 'New Immigration' confirms the correct interpretation.

Key Concept

The shift in immigration patterns during the Gilded Age from Northern/Western European origins to Southern/Eastern European origins.
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