Question

Difficulty: EasyResistance to Reconstruction and its Ultimate Collapse

"We, the people of the South, have been restored to our rightful place of self-government. The federal bayonets have been removed from our state capitols, and the dark night of Reconstruction is finally at an end."

—Adapted from a Southern newspaper editorial, 1877

The sentiment expressed in the editorial was a direct result of which of the following historical developments?

  1. The Compromise of 1877, which resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the SouthAnswer
  2. B
    The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed equal protection under the law
  3. C
    The transition from Presidential Reconstruction to Radical Reconstruction under Congressional control
  4. D
    The implementation of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery in the territories

Answer

The Compromise of 1877, which resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South
The correct answer is correct because the Compromise of 1877 settled the contested 1876 presidential election by awarding electoral votes to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in exchange for the removal of federal troops from the South. This troop withdrawal allowed Southern Democrats to regain control of state governments, bringing an end to Reconstruction.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus context and tone
The editorial from 1877 celebrates the removal of federal troops ('bayonets') from Southern capitols and the end of Reconstruction, indicating the restoration of local Southern Democratic control.
Understanding the viewpoint of the author helps pinpoint the exact event being referenced.
2
Identify the historical event in 1877 that led to the withdrawal of federal troops
The Compromise of 1877 settled the disputed presidential election of 1876, giving Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for withdrawing federal troops from the South.
Connecting the details of the text (removal of troops, end of Reconstruction in 1877) to the specific historical agreement that caused it.
3
Evaluate the options to find the correct matching historical development
The option referencing the Compromise of 1877 correctly identifies the cause of the troop withdrawal, while other options refer to pre-war policies or earlier Reconstruction measures.
Differentiating between the end of Reconstruction and earlier phases or amendments.

Key Concept

The Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction
Estimated Time:45s
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