Question

Difficulty: EasyPresidential Nominations and the Electoral College

Which of the following is a correct comparison of the Electoral College system and a proposed national popular vote system for electing the president?

Electoral College SystemNational Popular Vote System
Row 1Can result in a winner who did not receive the most individual votes nationwideGuarantees that the candidate with the most individual votes nationwide wins the presidency
Row 2Encourages candidates to campaign equally in all fifty statesFocuses campaign attention exclusively on sparsely populated rural states
Row 3Operates under the participatory model of representative democracyOperates under the elite model of representative democracy
Row 4Relies on electors acting as trustees to make independent voting decisionsRelies on voters acting as delegates to represent their local districts
  1. A
    Row 2
  2. B
    Row 3
  3. Row 1Answer
  4. D
    Row 4

Answer

Row 1 correctly compares the Electoral College system and a national popular vote system.
The comparison in Row 1 is correct. The Electoral College's winner-take-all system in 48 states and Washington, D.C., allows a candidate to win the presidency by winning key states by small margins while losing other states by large margins, resulting in an electoral victory without a national popular vote victory. Conversely, a national popular vote system would directly sum all individual votes nationwide, ensuring the candidate with the most votes wins the presidency.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the mechanics of the Electoral College system.
Under the current system, states allocate electors (mostly on a winner-take-all basis), which means a candidate can win a state's electoral votes with a slim popular vote margin. In close elections, this can lead to a candidate winning the presidency without winning the national popular vote.
To evaluate the statements in the left column of the table.
2
Analyze the mechanics of a proposed national popular vote system.
In a national popular vote system, electors are bypassed or instructed to vote for the winner of the national popular vote, guaranteeing that the candidate with the most individual votes nationwide wins.
To evaluate the statements in the right column of the table.
3
Compare the rows and identify the correct comparison.
Row 1 accurately states that the Electoral College can produce a winner who did not win the national popular vote, while a popular vote system guarantees that the popular vote winner becomes president. Rows 2, 3, and 4 contain incorrect descriptions of both systems.
To select the correct option.

Key Concept

The difference between the Electoral College system and a direct national popular vote system, specifically how the winner-take-all allocation can disconnect the electoral outcome from the national popular vote.
Rate this question