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Difficulty: EasyGlobal Spread of Industrialization

"To learn how to use their weapons, we must first learn how to build their machines. If we possess the machines to build machines, we will no longer need to rely on foreign nations... Therefore, the establishment of manufacturing bureaus and arsenals is our most urgent task."

— Li Hongzhang, Chinese government official, memorandum to the Qing emperor, 1864

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the reaction of the Chinese government to the global spread of industrialization?

  1. A
    It accepted direct colonial rule by European powers in exchange for industrial machinery.
  2. B
    It embraced free-market capitalism and abolished all state-run manufacturing.
  3. It attempted to adopt Western industrial technology through state-sponsored initiatives.Answer
  4. D
    It immediately adopted electricity and petroleum-based power to bypass the coal phase of industrialization.

Answer

The Chinese government attempted to adopt Western industrial technology through state-sponsored initiatives.
The passage shows a Chinese official advocating for the state to establish manufacturing bureaus and arsenals in order to build machines. This reflects state-sponsored efforts to modernize and adopt Western industrial technology to resist foreign domination.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus document written by a Chinese government official in 1864.
The official argues that China must build its own machines and establish manufacturing bureaus to become self-reliant.
This shows that the Chinese state was actively planning to adopt Western industrial technology.
2
Evaluate the historical context of the nineteenth century global spread of industrialization.
Many non-Western states, including China during the Self-Strengthening Movement, launched state-sponsored reforms to industrialize and defend against Western imperialist expansion.
This connects the document directly to state-sponsored industrialization efforts.
3
Identify the option that matches this historical process.
The statement regarding state-sponsored adoption of Western industrial technology is the only accurate description.
It aligns with the official's call for government-established bureaus and arsenals.

Key Concept

State-sponsored industrialization in East Asia in response to Western industrial expansion.

Hints

1
Identify who is suggesting the creation of the manufacturing bureaus and what the primary goal of those bureaus is.
Estimated Time:45s
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Topics

Global Spread of Industrialization

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