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Difficulty: MediumResistance to Globalization after 1900

“The World Bank-funded Sardar Sarovar Dam project on the Narmada River represents a model of development that serves global capital and urban elites at the expense of indigenous communities and the rural poor. By funding projects that force the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people from their ancestral lands, international financial institutions prioritize economic growth metrics over human rights and environmental sustainability. Our struggle is not merely against a physical structure, but against a globalized economic paradigm that treats our rivers, forests, and communities as resources to be exploited for distant markets.”
—Adapted from statements by the Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save Narmada Movement), India, c. 1990s

Based on the passage, the Narmada Bachao Andolan’s resistance to the dam project is best understood as a critique of which of the following post-1900 developments?

  1. A
    The environmentalist campaign associated with the mid-twentieth-century Green Revolution.
  2. B
    The complete homogenization of global cultures and the eradication of regional languages.
  3. The economic developmental policies championed by global financial institutions.Answer
  4. D
    The expansion of direct territorial administration and colonial governance by Western European powers.

Answer

The economic developmental policies championed by global financial institutions.
The correct answer is correct because the Narmada Bachao Andolan is criticizing the World Bank, an international financial institution, and the developmental policies it funds. This directly represents late twentieth-century resistance to the economic aspects of globalization, where global institutions are seen as promoting free-market developmental policies that harm local environments and displace indigenous populations.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the main target of the critique and the period.
The passage is a critique of the World Bank (an international financial institution) and its funding of a large dam project in India during the late twentieth century.
This places the source within the context of late twentieth-century resistance to economic globalization.
2
Evaluate the options to find the one that matches the core argument of the passage.
The option highlighting the developmental policies of global financial institutions directly mirrors the text's critique of the World Bank prioritizing global capital and economic growth metrics.
The World Bank and IMF are central institutions of globalized economic integration, and protesting their projects is a key form of post-1900 resistance to globalization.

Key Concept

Resistance to globalization, specifically targeting the economic development policies of international financial institutions.
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Resistance to Globalization after 1900

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