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Difficulty: EasyCalls for Reform and Responses after 1900

"We must protect our forests, which are our livelihood. The trees give us soil, water, and pure air. If the loggers cut them down, our hillsides will slide and our water sources will dry up. We will wrap our arms around the trees to prevent the axes from striking them."

—Adapted from statements by participants in the Chipko movement, India, 1973

The grassroots activism described in the passage is best understood as an example of which of the following post-1900 global developments?

  1. The growth of environmental movements protesting the ecological impacts of rapid economic developmentAnswer
  2. B
    The adoption of Green Revolution technologies to maximize agricultural crop yields
  3. C
    The spread of revolutionary Marxist movements seeking to nationalize industrial economies
  4. D
    The expansion of direct colonial administration to secure raw materials for industrializing empires

Answer

The growth of environmental movements protesting the ecological impacts of rapid economic development
The correct answer is correct because the Chipko movement in India is a classic historical example of an environmental movement where local communities physically hugged trees to prevent commercial logging. This reflects the global rise of environmentalism after 1900, as communities increasingly protested the destructive ecological impacts of rapid economic growth and resource extraction.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus context and main message.
The stimulus describes rural villagers in India in 1973 protesting deforestation by logging companies to protect their soil, water, and air.
Understanding the core protest is essential to linking it to the correct global trend.
2
Identify the relevant post-1900 global trend.
The protest is a clear example of environmentalism, where activists and communities call for reform regarding industrial and commercial exploitation of natural resources.
This matches the Unit 9 learning objective concerning calls for reform and responses after 1900.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the match.
The option referencing environmental movements protesting ecological impacts directly matches the Chipko movement's goals.
The other options refer to distinct 20th-century trends like the Green Revolution, Marxist state planning, or colonial resource extraction, which do not apply here.

Key Concept

Grassroots environmental movements arose globally in the late 20th century in response to the ecological degradation caused by industrialization and commercial development.
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Topics

Calls for Reform and Responses after 1900

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