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Difficulty: EasyCauses and Environmental Preconditions of the Industrial Revolution

Source: Edward Baines, British historian, *History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain*, 1835.

"Great Britain... possesses, in its abundance of coal, an inexhaustible source of power, which has been applied by the steam-engine to every branch of industry. This, combined with our command of iron, which is the material of all our machinery, has given us an advantage over all other nations."

The resources described in the passage best illustrate which of the following environmental preconditions of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?

  1. The geographical distribution of coal and iron ore depositsAnswer
  2. B
    The introduction of electrical grids and petroleum-based chemical refinement
  3. C
    The execution of mercantilist policies designed to maximize gold reserves
  4. D
    The utilization of Social Darwinism to organize factory labor systems

Answer

The geographical distribution of coal and iron ore deposits
The correct option is correct because the passage explicitly references Great Britain's abundance of coal and iron as the foundations of its industrial power and steam-powered production. These resources represent the essential geographic and environmental advantages that enabled British industrialization.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus passage written by Edward Baines in 1835.
Identify that the author lists the abundance of coal and the command of iron as the primary sources of Britain's industrial advantage.
This establishes the factual basis of the question.
2
Relate these resources to the environmental and geographic preconditions of the Industrial Revolution.
Recognize that coal provided the fuel for steam-powered machinery, and iron provided the material to construct the machinery, both representing key domestic natural resource deposits.
This links the specific details in the source text to historical concepts.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the statement that matches this geographic and resource-based advantage.
Select the option stating the geographical distribution of coal and iron ore deposits as the correct answer.
This matches the target concept of environmental preconditions.

Key Concept

Geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Causes and Environmental Preconditions of the Industrial Revolution

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