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Difficulty: MediumMass Atrocities After 1900

“To eliminate the kulaks as a class it is not enough to limit their exploitative tendencies... We must break down the resistance of this class in an open battle and deprive it of the productive sources of its existence and development... We must replace their output by the output of the collective farms and state farms.”
— Joseph Stalin, speech on agrarian policy, 1929

The policy described in the passage contributed most directly to which of the following twentieth-century events?

  1. A
    The establishment of a moderate reform program that transitioned rural communities to capitalist farming.
  2. B
    The popular uprising that overthrew the Russian tsarist regime during the February Revolution of 1917.
  3. The state-engineered famine in Ukraine, known as the Holodomor, which resulted in the deaths of millions of peasants.Answer
  4. D
    The implementation of state policies applying biological theories of natural selection to justify imperial expansion.

Answer

The state-engineered famine in Ukraine, known as the Holodomor, which resulted in the deaths of millions of peasants.
The correct answer is correct because the forced collectivization of agriculture and the policy of 'eliminating the kulaks as a class' under Joseph Stalin led directly to the Holodomor. In the early 1930s, the Soviet government set unrealistic grain requisition quotas and confiscated food from Ukrainian peasants who resisted collectivization, resulting in a state-engineered famine that killed millions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the speaker and policy.
The text is a 1929 speech by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin advocating for the elimination of 'kulaks' (relatively wealthy peasants) and the replacement of individual farms with state-controlled collective farms.
Understanding the historical actor and the policy of collectivization is necessary to identify its consequences.
2
Relate the policy of collectivization and dekulakization to major twentieth-century events.
The forced collectivization of agriculture and state requisitions of grain led to widespread resistance, state repression, and a massive man-made famine in Ukraine.
This links the historical cause (Stalin's agrarian policy) to its direct historical consequence (the Holodomor).
3
Identify the correct historical term and event associated with this famine.
The event is the Holodomor, a state-engineered famine that occurred in Soviet Ukraine between 1932 and 1933.
Matching the conceptual analysis to the specific historical event confirms the correct answer choice.

Key Concept

The Holodomor was a state-engineered mass atrocity in the Soviet Union during the 1930s resulting from forced agricultural collectivization.
Estimated Time:1m 5s
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Topics

Mass Atrocities After 1900

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