“By establishing factories in local markets, such as our massive works in Kilbowie, Scotland, the Singer Manufacturing Company bypasses costly tariffs and transport fees. Our agents sell machines on the installment plan to households and workshops across Europe, Asia, and South America, directed from our executive offices in New York. This global network of production and sales ensures that the modern sewing machine becomes a household necessity worldwide.”
—Singer Manufacturing Company, corporate circular, circa 1890
Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century does the passage best illustrate?
- AThe reliance on direct political administration and territorial annexation of foreign markets.
- The growth of transnational businesses that operated across national borders.Answer
- CThe continuation of mercantilist policies to maintain state-controlled trade monopolies.
- DThe implementation of Marxist reforms to share factory profits with industrial workers.
Answer
The growth of transnational businesses that operated across national borders.
The correct answer is correct because the passage describes the global operations of the Singer Manufacturing Company, which was headquartered in New York, produced goods in Scotland, and sold them across several continents. This structure is a classic example of a transnational business, which emerged during the nineteenth century as industrial capitalism integrated global markets.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
The rise of transnational businesses during the era of industrial capitalism.