Question

Difficulty: MediumTechnological Innovations of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions

"The introduction of the submarine telegraph cable has effectively annihilated distance. A message from London to Calcutta, which once required months to travel by sailing vessel, now arrives in a matter of minutes. This marvel of science not only facilitates the rapid transmission of imperial commands and market prices, but also binds the distant parts of the world into a single, synchronized economic system."
—Adaptation of a British journal article on telegraphy, 1870

Which of the following processes of the late nineteenth century is best illustrated by the developments described in the passage?

  1. A
    The initial transition from water power to coal-fired steam engines in textile manufacturing
  2. B
    The establishment of state-controlled mercantilist trade networks to prevent the outflow of domestic bullion
  3. The acceleration of global economic integration and imperial administration through Second Industrial Revolution technologiesAnswer
  4. D
    The direct political administration and territorial annexation of all overseas markets by chartered joint-stock companies

Answer

The acceleration of global economic integration and imperial administration through Second Industrial Revolution technologies
The acceleration of global communication through submarine telegraph cables represents a key innovation of the Second Industrial Revolution. This technology allowed for near-instantaneous transmission of information, which facilitated the integration of global markets and enabled imperial governments to exert more direct administrative and military control over distant colonies.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the technology and its historical context.
The stimulus describes the submarine telegraph cable (electric communication) linking London and Calcutta in 1870.
Identifying the specific technology helps place it within the timeline of the Industrial Revolutions.
2
Distinguish between the phases of the Industrial Revolution relevant to the technology.
The electric telegraph and submarine cables are key innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution (late 19th century), rather than the First (coal, steam, textiles).
This distinction allows for the elimination of options describing First Industrial Revolution developments.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the historical process that matches the effects of the telegraph described in the passage.
The passage notes that the telegraph facilitates 'imperial commands' and 'market prices,' which corresponds to global economic integration and imperial administration.
Matching the primary functions of the technology in the stimulus to the correct option yields the correct answer.

Key Concept

Impact of Second Industrial Revolution technologies on global communication, trade, and imperialism.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Rate this question