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Difficulty: MediumResistance to Globalization after 1900

“NAFTA is a death sentence for the indigenous peoples of Mexico, who are being offered up as cheap labor in the service of transnational corporations. This agreement represents the final blow to our communal lands, which have sustained us for generations, replacing our traditional corn production with cheap imports from the north.”
—Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), Declaration from the Lacandon Jungle, 1994

Which of the following arguments against globalization is most directly supported by the passage?

  1. A
    Developing nations sought to return to mercantilist policies by establishing government-controlled monopolies over imported goods.
  2. Free-trade agreements and neoliberal policies could undermine local agricultural traditions and indigenous autonomy.Answer
  3. C
    Globalization has succeeded in completely eliminating regional cultural identities and national borders.
  4. D
    Global economic integration in the late twentieth century was characterized by direct military annexation of foreign territories by multinational corporations.

Answer

Free-trade agreements and neoliberal policies could undermine local agricultural traditions and indigenous autonomy.
The correct option correctly identifies the core argument of the EZLN declaration: that free-trade policies like NAFTA threaten local agricultural practices, communal land rights, and the autonomy of indigenous communities by forcing them to compete with cheap foreign imports.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus context.
The stimulus is a 1994 declaration by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in Mexico protesting the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Understanding the source and context is essential for historical analysis.
2
Identify the primary grievance in the text.
The EZLN argues that NAFTA will lead to exploitation of indigenous labor, loss of communal lands, and the destruction of traditional corn agriculture due to foreign imports.
This links the historical event to the specific negative impacts of global economic agreements on localized communities.
3
Evaluate the choices against the identified grievance.
The choice emphasizing how free-trade agreements and neoliberalism undermine local agriculture and autonomy directly reflects the text's complaints.
Selecting the option that matches the core argument of the stimulus answers the question.

Key Concept

Resistance to Globalization after 1900
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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Resistance to Globalization after 1900

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